Endocrinol Metab.  2023 Dec;38(6):701-708. 10.3803/EnM.2023.1783.

Higher Plasma Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Is Associated with Lower Risk for Sarcopenia in Older Asian Adults

• Ji S
• Kim K
• Park SJ
• Lee JY
• Jung HW
• Yoo HJ
• Jang IY
• Lee E
• Baek JY
• Kim BJ

• KMID: 2549263
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1783

Abstract

Background
Despite the protective effects of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in stimulating muscle regeneration shown in experimental research, there is a lack of clinical studies linking circulating SDF-1 concentrations with muscle phenotypes. In order to elucidate the role of SDF-1 as a potential biomarker reflecting human muscle health, we investigated the association of plasma SDF-1 levels with sarcopenia in older adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 97 community-dwelling participants who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Sarcopenia was defined by specific cutoff values applicable to the Asian population, whereas plasma SDF-1 levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay.
Results
After accounting for sex, age, and body mass index, participants with sarcopenia and low muscle mass exhibited plasma SDF-1 levels that were 21.8% and 18.3% lower than those without these conditions, respectively (P=0.008 and P=0.009, respectively). Consistently, higher plasma SDF-1 levels exhibited a significant correlation with higher skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and gait speed (both P=0.043), and the risk of sarcopenia and low muscle mass decreased by 58% and 55% per standard deviation increase in plasma SDF-1 levels, respectively (P=0.045 and P=0.030, respectively). Furthermore, participants in the highest SDF-1 tertile exhibited significantly higher SMI compared to those in the lowest tertile (P=0.012).
Conclusion
These findings clinically corroborate earlier experimental discoveries highlighting the muscle anabolic effects of SDF- 1 and support the potential role of circulating SDF-1 as a biomarker reflecting human muscle health in older adults.

Keyword

Sarcopenia; Stromal cell-derived factor 1; Chemokines; Biomarkers; Muscle mass

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Differences in plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels based on sarcopenia status and the related parameters. (A) Unadjusted analysis. (B) Sex, age, and body mass index adjusted analysis. The estimated means with 95% confidence intervals were generated and compared using the analysis of covariance.

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  Fig. 2. Differences in sarcopenia components based on plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) tertiles. (A) Unadjusted analysis. (B) Sex, age, and body mass index adjusted analysis. The estimated means with 95% confidence intervals were generated and compared using the analysis of covariance. Plasma SDF-1 tertiles: T1=555.0–1,431.5 pg/mL; T2=1,431.6–1,758.9 pg/mL; and T3=1,759.0–2,942.7 pg/mL. SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; SPPB, short physical performance battery.

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