Tuberc Respir Dis.
2024 Jan;87(1):22-30. 10.4046/trd.2023.0037.
Immune Evasion of G-CSF and GM-CSF in Lung Cancer
- Affiliations
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- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon,
- 2Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- 3Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KMID: 2549210
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2023.0037
Abstract
- Tumor immune evasion is a complex process that involves various mechanisms, such as antigen recognition restriction, immune system suppression, and T cell exhaustion. The tumor microenvironment contains various immune cells involved in immune evasion. Recent studies have demonstrated that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induce immune evasion in lung cancer by modulating neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Here we describe the origin and function of G-CSF and GM-CSF, particularly their role in immune evasion in lung cancer. In addition, their effects on programmed death-ligand 1 expression and clinical implications are discussed.
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