Korean J Sports Med.  2023 Dec;41(4):216-224. 10.5763/kjsm.2023.41.4.216.

Joint Association of Relative Grip Strength and Resting Heart Rate with the Risk of Developing Diabetes in Middle-Aged Adults

• Park D
• Kim Y
• Kim E

• KMID: 2548995
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2023.41.4.216

Abstract

Purpose
Our primary aim was to elucidate the association between relative grip strength levels and the risk of developing diabetes, utilizing longitudinal data.
Methods
A total of 1,935 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 81 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013–2014 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019–2020. The criteria for diagnosing diabetes included receiving a diabetes diagnosis and treatment. grip strength was converted into relative grip strength by dividing it by body mass index. To validate the relationship between the interaction of relative grip strength and resting heart rate and its impact on risk of developing diabetes, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of developing diabetes.
Results
After adjusting for various confounding variables, we observed a significant 46% reduction in the risk of developing diabetes in the high relative grip strength group compared to the low relativegrip strength group (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36–0.80). However, upon additional adjustment for waist circumference, no significant findings could be yielded. Furthermore, we found significant differences the relationship between relative grip strength, resting heart rate, and the risk of developing diabetes among different groups.
Conclusion
This study investigates the relationship between relative grip strength and incidence of diabetes, attributed to the accumulation of body fat. Notably, both resting heart rate and relative grip strength emerge as predictive indicators for assessing the risk of diabetes development.

Keyword

Hand strength; Muscle strength; Heart rate; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin resistance

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Graph for log-minus-log survival (A) and probability of survival (B) of diabetes mellitus (DM) according to relative grip strength. BMI: body mass index, ln: logarithm naturali.

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  Fig. 2 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for developing diabetes mellitus (DM) for joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and resting heart rate (RHR). Multivariable adjusted age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lean body mass, alcohol intake, smoking status, income status, HOMA-IR, and exercise participation. HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. *p<0.05.

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