Int J Thyroidol.  2023 Nov;16(2):143-146. 10.11106/ijt.2023.16.2.143.

Rare Neurological Complications in Thyroid Cancer Surgery

• Park JY
• Lee DY

• KMID: 2548740
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2023.16.2.143

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is generally known for its favorable prognosis. According to the 2020 national cancer incidence statistics in Korea, thyroid cancer has the highest incidence rate in Korea, with 56.8 cases per 100,000 people. However, its 10-year relative survival rate is 100.8%, indicating a relatively good prognosis. The standard treatment for thyroid cancer is surgical resection. With advancements in surgical techniques and expertise, the frequency of life-threatening complications during surgery has significantly decreased over the years. Nevertheless, surgical complications that can occur during thyroid cancer surgery remain a concern for surgeons. The good prognosis of thyroid cancer is one factor that adds to this burden. Complications that may arise during thyroid cancer surgery and central neck dissection include hypothyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, superior laryngeal nerve injury, as well as damage to the trachea and esophagus. During lateral neck dissection, complications may include injury to the brachial plexus, internal jugular vein, and carotid artery, along with damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk, spinal accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and phrenic nerve. In this review, we aim to explore rare neurological complications that can occur during thyroid cancer surgery and neck dissection, specifically focusing on injuries to the cervical sympathetic trunk, spinal accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and phrenic nerve. We hope to provide insights to help reduce neurological complications in the future.

Keyword

Thyroid cancer; Lymph node metastasis; Neck dissection; Complications

Reference

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