Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr.
2023 Nov;26(6):355-369. 10.5223/pghn.2023.26.6.355.
Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers in Brazilian Infants with Cow’s Milk Allergy at Diagnosis and 18-Month Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study
- Jardim-Botelho A
1,2 - Martins TG1,2
- Motta-Franco J1
- Meyer R3,4,5
- Vieira SCF2
- Protásio BF2
- Silva MLS2
- Pontes RS2
- de Oliveira MBB2
- Barreto IDdC6
- Gurgel RQ2
- Affiliations
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- 1Reference Center for Food Allergy of Sergipe (RCFAS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- 2Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College, London, Winchester, UK
- 4Department Dietetics, Winchester University, Winchester, UK
- 5Department Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- 6CEBRASPE, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Avaliação e Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos, Brasília, Brazil
- KMID: 2548044
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2023.26.6.355
Abstract
- Purpose
This study aimed to describe the growth, body protein status, and micronutrient biomarkers of Brazilian infants with cow’s milk allergy (CMPA) at baseline and at 18 months of follow-up in comparison with their healthy peers.
Methods
Thirty infants with CMPA younger than six months of age were included in this longitudinal study, and their nutritional status was compared with that of 24 non-allergic age-matched children. Anthropometric measurements were used to assess growth, and blood and urine samples were analyzed for protein and micronutrient status. Mixed linear models adjusted for birth weight, socioeconomic status, infant feeding at baseline, weightfor-age, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, micronutrient dietary supplementation, and salt consumption were employed to evaluate the evolution of nutritional parameters throughout the follow-up period.
Results
Overall, the mean age of the children at enrolment was 2.9 (standard deviation 1.7) months, and 29 children (53.7%) were male. Infants with CMPA showed a higher prevalence of functional iron depletion (transferrin saturation <20) (p=0.027), lower serum ferritin (p=0.009), and lower urinary iodine (p=0.034) levels than non-allergic children at baseline. Patients with CMPA showed a higher increment in weight-for-age and length-for-age over time than those in the control group (p<0.01). Mixed linear analyses showed a significantly lower increase in serum vitamin B12 (s-B12) (p=0.001) and urinary iodine (p<0.001) concentrations over time compared to the control group.
Conclusion
Infants with CMPA on a cow’s milk elimination diet had a higher weight and length at 18 months of follow-up but showed signs of inadequate iron, iodine, and B-12 vitamin status.
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