1. Becker-Merok A, Nossent HC. 2006; Damage accumulation in systemic lupus erythematosus and its relation to disease activity and mortality. J Rheumatol. 33:1570–7. PMID:
16845708.
2. Biazar C, Sigges J, Patsinakidis N, Ruland V, Amler S, Bonsmann G, et al. 2013; Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: first multicenter database analysis of 1002 patients from the European Society of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (EUSCLE). Autoimmun Rev. 12:444–54. DOI:
10.1016/j.autrev.2012.08.019. PMID:
23000206.
Article
3. Li Z, Xu D, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li M, et al. 2017; Gastrointestinal system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 26:1127–38. DOI:
10.1177/0961203317707825. PMID:
28523968.
Article
5. Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS. 2006; Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden. Lupus. 15:308–18. DOI:
10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx. PMID:
16761508.
Article
6. Renau AI, Isenberg DA. 2012; Male versus female lupus: a comparison of ethnicity, clinical features, serology and outcome over a 30 year period. Lupus. 21:1041–8. DOI:
10.1177/0961203312444771. PMID:
22505605.
Article
7. Yen EY, Singh RR. 2018; Brief report: lupus-an unrecognized leading cause of death in young females: a population-based study using nationwide death certificates, 2000-2015. Arthritis Rheumatol. 70:1251–5. DOI:
10.1002/art.40512. PMID:
29671279. PMCID:
PMC6105528.
Article
8. Bultink IEM, de Vries F, van Vollenhoven RF, Lalmohamed A. 2021; Mortality, causes of death and influence of medication use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus vs matched controls. Rheumatology (Oxford). 60:207–16. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/keaa267. PMID:
32653901. PMCID:
PMC8312724.
9. Lee YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. 2016; Overall and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Lupus. 25:727–34. DOI:
10.1177/0961203315627202. PMID:
26811368.
Article
10. Ju JH, Yoon SH, Kang KY, Kim IJ, Kwok SK, Park SH, et al. 2014; Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea: an administrative database study. J Epidemiol. 24:295–303. DOI:
10.2188/jea.JE20120204. PMID:
24857955. PMCID:
PMC4074634.
Article
11. Chung MK, Park JS, Lim H, Lee CH, Lee J. 2021; Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among Korean women in childbearing years: a nationwide population-based study. Lupus. 30:674–9. DOI:
10.1177/0961203320984845. PMID:
33460342.
Article
12. Bae EH, Lim SY, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim HY, et al. 2020; Trend of prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea, 2005 to 2015: a nationwide population-based study. Korean J Intern Med. 35:652–61. DOI:
10.3904/kjim.2018.303. PMID:
31212409. PMCID:
PMC7214355.
13. Shim JS, Sung YK, Joo YB, Lee HS, Bae SC. 2014; Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea. Rheumatol Int. 34:909–17. DOI:
10.1007/s00296-013-2915-9. PMID:
24322455.
Article
14. Kim H, Cho SK, Kim JW, Jung SY, Jang EJ, Bae SC, et al. 2020; An increased disease burden of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases in Korea. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 50:526–33. DOI:
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.11.007. PMID:
31852583.
Article
15. Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, Lanyon P, Zhang W. 2017; The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56:1945–61. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kex260. PMID:
28968809.
Article
16. Li S, Gong T, Peng Y, Nieman KM, Gilbertson DT. 2020; Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus and associated outcomes in the 2009-2016 US Medicare population. Lupus. 29:15–26. DOI:
10.1177/0961203319888691. PMID:
31726936.
Article
17. Li R, Sun J, Ren LM, Wang HY, Liu WH, Zhang XW, et al. 2012; Epidemiology of eight common rheumatic diseases in China: a large-scale cross-sectional survey in Beijing. Rheumatology (Oxford). 51:721–9. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/ker370. PMID:
22179737.
Article
19. Lewis MJ, Jawad AS. 2017; The effect of ethnicity and genetic ancestry on the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56(suppl_1):i67–77. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kew399. PMID:
27940583.
Article
20. Pons-Estel BA, Catoggio LJ, Cardiel MH, Soriano ER, Gentiletti S, Villa AR, et al. 2004; The GLADEL multinational Latin American prospective inception cohort of 1,214 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: ethnic and disease heterogeneity among "Hispanics". Medicine (Baltimore). 83:1–17. DOI:
10.1097/01.md.0000104742.42401.e2. PMID:
14747764.
Article
21. Hanly JG, O'Keeffe AG, Su L, Urowitz MB, Romero-Diaz J, Gordon C, et al. 2016; The frequency and outcome of lupus nephritis: results from an international inception cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 55:252–62. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kev311. PMID:
26342222. PMCID:
PMC4939728.
23. Kang JH, Park DJ, Lee KE, Lee JS, Choi YD, Lee SS. 2017; Comparison of clinical, serological, and prognostic differences among juvenile-, adult-, and late-onset lupus nephritis in Korean patients. Clin Rheumatol. 36:1289–95. DOI:
10.1007/s10067-017-3641-6. PMID:
28444577.
Article
24. Chen YM, Lin CH, Chen HH, Chang SN, Hsieh TY, Hung WT, et al. 2014; Onset age affects mortality and renal outcome of female systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Rheumatology (Oxford). 53:180–5. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/ket330. PMID:
24136069.
Article
25. Jeon H, Lee J, Ju JH, Kim WU, Park SH, Moon SJ, et al. 2022; Chronic kidney disease in Korean patients with lupus nephritis: over a 35-year period at a single center. Clin Rheumatol. 41:1665–74. DOI:
10.1007/s10067-021-06030-w. PMID:
35178647.
Article
26. Yu KH, Kuo CF, Chou IJ, Chiou MJ, See LC. 2016; Risk of end-stage renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Rheum Dis. 19:1175–82. DOI:
10.1111/1756-185X.12828. PMID:
26864331.
Article
27. Maningding E, Dall'Era M, Trupin L, Murphy LB, Yazdany J. 2020; Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence and time to onset of manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: the California Lupus Surveillance Project. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 72:622–9. DOI:
10.1002/acr.23887. PMID:
31115180. PMCID:
PMC6872905.
Article
28. Adler M, Chambers S, Edwards C, Neild G, Isenberg D. 2006; An assessment of renal failure in an SLE cohort with special reference to ethnicity, over a 25-year period. Rheumatology (Oxford). 45:1144–7. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kel039. PMID:
16527882.
Article
29. Jakes RW, Bae SC, Louthrenoo W, Mok CC, Navarra SV, Kwon N. 2012; Systematic review of the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Asia-Pacific region: prevalence, incidence, clinical features, and mortality. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 64:159–68. DOI:
10.1002/acr.20683. PMID:
22052624.
Article
30. Hanly JG, McCurdy G, Fougere L, Douglas JA, Thompson K. 2004; Neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus: attribution and clinical significance. J Rheumatol. 31:2156–62. PMID:
15517627.
31. Ainiala H, Loukkola J, Peltola J, Korpela M, Hietaharju A. 2001; The prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology. 57:496–500. DOI:
10.1212/WNL.57.3.496. PMID:
11502919.
Article
32. Sibley JT, Olszynski WP, Decoteau WE, Sundaram MB. 1992; The incidence and prognosis of central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 19:47–52. PMID:
1556699.
33. Pamuk ON, Raza AA, Hasni S. 2023; Jun. 21. Neuropsychiatric lupus in late and early onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). [Epub]. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead297. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kead297. PMID:
37341643.
Article
34. Ahn GY, Kim D, Won S, Song ST, Jeong HJ, Sohn IW, et al. 2018; Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of neuropsychiatric lupus: a prospective, single-center study. Lupus. 27:1338–47. DOI:
10.1177/0961203318772021. PMID:
29688144.
Article
35. Meier AL, Bodmer NS, Wirth C, Bachmann LM, Ribi C, Pröbstel AK, et al. 2021; Neuro-psychiatric manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and results from the Swiss lupus cohort study. Lupus. 30:1565–76. DOI:
10.1177/09612033211025636. PMID:
34152246. PMCID:
PMC8489688.
Article
36. Sanna G, Bertolaccini ML, Cuadrado MJ, Laing H, Khamashta MA, Mathieu A, et al. 2003; Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and association with antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 30:985–92. PMID:
12734893.
37. Hanly JG, Urowitz MB, Gordon C, Bae SC, Romero-Diaz J, Sanchez-Guerrero J, et al. 2020; Neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal analysis of outcomes in an international inception cohort using a multistate model approach. Ann Rheum Dis. 79:356–62. DOI:
10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216150. PMID:
31915121.
Article
38. Quadrelli SA, Alvarez C, Arce SC, Paz L, Sarano J, Sobrino EM, et al. 2009; Pulmonary involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of 90 necropsies. Lupus. 18:1053–60. DOI:
10.1177/0961203309106601. PMID:
19762378.
Article
39. Segal AM, Calabrese LH, Ahmad M, Tubbs RR, White CS. 1985; The pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 14:202–24. DOI:
10.1016/0049-0172(85)90040-X. PMID:
2934817.
41. Jiang M, Chen R, Zhao L, Zhang X. 2021; Risk factors for mortality of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 23:57. DOI:
10.1186/s13075-021-02435-9. PMID:
33593433. PMCID:
PMC7885396.
Article
42. Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, McCune WJ, Sawalha AH, Knight JS. 2015; Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: risk factors, therapy and survival. Lupus Sci Med. 2:e000117. DOI:
10.1136/lupus-2015-000117. PMID:
26430514. PMCID:
PMC4586940.
Article
43. Chang MY, Fang JT, Chen YC, Huang CC. 2002; Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center retrospective study in Taiwan. Ren Fail. 24:791–802. DOI:
10.1081/JDI-120015681. PMID:
12472201.
Article
44. Sun Y, Zhou C, Zhao J, Wang Q, Xu D, Zhang S, et al. 2020; Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center, matched case-control study in China. Lupus. 29:795–803. DOI:
10.1177/0961203320920715. PMID:
32321345.
Article
45. Kwok SK, Moon SJ, Ju JH, Park KS, Kim WU, Cho CS, et al. 2011; Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea. Lupus. 20:102–7. DOI:
10.1177/0961203310381511. PMID:
20956464.
Article
46. Martínez-Martínez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. 2011; Predictors of mortality in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 20:568–74. DOI:
10.1177/0961203310392430. PMID:
21558137.
Article
47. Kim D, Choi J, Cho SK, Choi CB, Kim TH, Jun JB, et al. 2017; Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 46:782–7. DOI:
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.09.004. PMID:
27745903.
Article
48. Prabu A, Patel K, Yee CS, Nightingale P, Situnayake RD, Thickett DR, et al. 2009; Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 48:1506–11. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kep203. PMID:
19671698.
Article
49. Chen HA, Hsu TC, Yang SC, Weng CT, Wu CH, Sun CY, et al. 2019; Incidence and survival impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 21:82. DOI:
10.1186/s13075-019-1868-0. PMID:
30917868. PMCID:
PMC6438012.
Article
50. Pérez-Peñate GM, Rúa-Figueroa I, Juliá-Serdá G, León-Marrero F, García-Quintana A, Ortega-Trujillo JR, et al. 2016; Pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and predictors. J Rheumatol. 43:323–9. DOI:
10.3899/jrheum.150451. PMID:
26669915.
51. Tselios K, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. 2017; Systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary arterial hypertension: links, risks, and management strategies. Open Access Rheumatol. 9:1–9. DOI:
10.2147/OARRR.S123549. PMID:
28053559. PMCID:
PMC5191623.
Article
52. Li M, Wang Q, Zhao J, Li Z, Ye Z, Li C, et al. 2014; Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry: II. Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 23:1085–91. DOI:
10.1177/0961203314527366. PMID:
24651670.
Article
53. Min HK, Lee JH, Jung SM, Lee J, Kang KY, Kwok SK, et al. 2015; Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: an independent predictor of patient survival. Korean J Intern Med. 30:232–41. DOI:
10.3904/kjim.2015.30.2.232. PMID:
25750566. PMCID:
PMC4351331.
Article
54. Kim JS, Kim D, Joo YB, Won S, Lee J, Shin J, et al. 2018; Factors associated with development and mortality of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus. 27:1769–77. DOI:
10.1177/0961203318788163. PMID:
30028258.
Article
56. Björnådal L, Yin L, Granath F, Klareskog L, Ekbom A. 2004; Cardiovascular disease a hazard despite improved prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a Swedish population based study 1964-95. J Rheumatol. 31:713–9. PMID:
15088296.
57. Guraieb-Chahín P, Cantú-Brito C, Soto-Mota A, Guerrero-Torres L, Flores-Silva F, Chiquete E, et al. 2020; Stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology, mechanism, and long-term outcome. Lupus. 29:437–45. DOI:
10.1177/0961203320908947. PMID:
32151182.
Article
58. Tornvall P, Göransson A, Ekman J, Järnbert-Pettersson H. 2021; Myocardial infarction in systemic lupus erythematosus: incidence and coronary angiography findings. Angiology. 72:459–64. DOI:
10.1177/0003319720985337. PMID:
33412909. PMCID:
PMC8044619.
Article
59. Bartels CM, Buhr KA, Goldberg JW, Bell CL, Visekruna M, Nekkanti S, et al. 2014; Mortality and cardiovascular burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in a US population-based cohort. J Rheumatol. 41:680–7. DOI:
10.3899/jrheum.130874. PMID:
24532834. PMCID:
PMC3975689.
Article
60. Barbhaiya M, Feldman CH, Chen SK, Guan H, Fischer MA, Everett BM, et al. 2020; Comparative risks of cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, and in general medicaid recipients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 72:1431–9. DOI:
10.1002/acr.24328. PMID:
32475049. PMCID:
PMC7781242.
Article
61. Bengtsson C, Ohman ML, Nived O, Rantapää Dahlqvist S. 2012; Cardiovascular event in systemic lupus erythematosus in northern Sweden: incidence and predictors in a 7-year follow-up study. Lupus. 21:452–9. DOI:
10.1177/0961203311425524. PMID:
22065097.
Article
62. Chen SK, Barbhaiya M, Fischer MA, Guan H, Yoshida K, Feldman CH, et al. 2019; Heart failure risk in systemic lupus erythematosus compared to diabetes mellitus and general medicaid patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 49:389–95. DOI:
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.06.005. PMID:
31280938. PMCID:
PMC6918835.
Article
63. Magder LS, Petri M. 2012; Incidence of and risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Epidemiol. 176:708–19. DOI:
10.1093/aje/kws130. PMID:
23024137. PMCID:
PMC3571250.
Article
64. Lim SY, Bae EH, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim HY, et al. 2018; Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Lupus. 27:2050–6. DOI:
10.1177/0961203318804883. PMID:
30282562.
Article
65. Yafasova A, Fosbøl EL, Schou M, Baslund B, Faurschou M, Docherty KF, et al. 2021; Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 77:1717–27. DOI:
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.029. PMID:
33832598.
Article
66. Han JY, Kim HY, Jeon YN, Kang GE, Jung SY, Jang EJ, et al. 2022; Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: population-based cohort study in Korea. J Rheum Dis. 29 Suppl 1:116. DOI:
10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5912.
67. Han JY, Cho SK, Jeon Y, Kang G, Kim H, Jung SY, et al. 2023; Comparative cardiovascular risk in patients with older-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Korea. Lupus Sci Med. 10(Suppl 1):A66–7. DOI:
10.1136/lupus-2023-KCR.94.
68. Hsu CY, Lin MS, Su YJ, Cheng TT, Lin YS, Chen YC, et al. 2017; Cumulative immunosuppressant exposure is associated with diversified cancer risk among 14 832 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nested case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56:620–8. DOI:
10.1093/rheumatology/kew457. PMID:
28039419.
Article
70. Han JY, Kim H, Jung SY, Jang EJ, Cho SK, Sung YK. 2021; Increased risk of malignancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: population-based cohort study in Korea. Arthritis Res Ther. 23:270. DOI:
10.1186/s13075-021-02648-y. PMID:
34706772. PMCID:
PMC8555049.
Article
71. Bae EH, Lim SY, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim CS, et al. 2019; Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Lupus. 28:317–23. DOI:
10.1177/0961203319826672. PMID:
30712493.
Article
72. Kang KY, Kim HO, Yoon HS, Lee J, Lee WC, Ko HJ, et al. 2010; Incidence of cancer among female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Korea. Clin Rheumatol. 29:381–8. DOI:
10.1007/s10067-009-1332-7. PMID:
20041274.
Article
73. Björnådal L, Löfström B, Yin L, Lundberg IE, Ekbom A. 2002; Increased cancer incidence in a Swedish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol. 31:66–71. DOI:
10.1080/03009740252937568. PMID:
12109649.
Article
74. Westermann R, Zobbe K, Cordtz R, Haugaard JH, Dreyer L. 2021; Increased cancer risk in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus compared with the general population: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Lupus. 30:752–61. DOI:
10.1177/0961203321990106. PMID:
33497306.
Article
76. Bernatsky S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Labrecque J, Joseph L, Boivin JF, Petri M, et al. 2013; Cancer risk in systemic lupus: an updated international multi-centre cohort study. J Autoimmun. 42:130–5. DOI:
10.1016/j.jaut.2012.12.009. PMID:
23410586. PMCID:
PMC3646904.
Article
77. Song L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Song N, Xu X, Lu Y. 2018; The risks of cancer development in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 20:270. DOI:
10.1186/s13075-018-1760-3. PMID:
30522515. PMCID:
PMC6282326.
Article
78. Ognenovski VM, Marder W, Somers EC, Johnston CM, Farrehi JG, Selvaggi SM, et al. 2004; Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol. 31:1763–7. PMID:
15338497.
79. Bashir S, Harris G, Denman MA, Blake DR, Winyard PG. 1993; Oxidative DNA damage and cellular sensitivity to oxidative stress in human autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 52:659–66. DOI:
10.1136/ard.52.9.659. PMID:
8239761. PMCID:
PMC1005143.
Article
80. Lin YJ, Wan L, Huang CM, Chen SY, Huang YC, Lai CH, et al. 2009; Polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1 and associations with systemic lupus erythematosus risk in the Taiwanese Han Chinese population. Lupus. 18:1246–51. DOI:
10.1177/0961203309345777. PMID:
19880550.
81. Petri M, Genovese M. 1992; Incidence of and risk factors for hospitalizations in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. J Rheumatol. 19:1559–65. PMID:
1464868.
82. Lee JW, Park DJ, Kang JH, Choi SE, Yim YR, Kim JE, et al. 2016; The rate of and risk factors for frequent hospitalization in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Korean lupus network registry. Lupus. 25:1412–9. DOI:
10.1177/0961203316640916. PMID:
27000153.
Article
83. Koh JH, Park EK, Lee HN, Kim Y, Kim GT, Suh YS, et al. 2020; Clinical characteristics and survival of 413 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in southeastern areas of South Korea: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Rheum Dis. 23:92–100. DOI:
10.1111/1756-185X.13761. PMID:
31802639.
Article
84. Goldblatt F, Chambers S, Rahman A, Isenberg DA. 2009; Serious infections in British patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: hospitalisations and mortality. Lupus. 18:682–9. DOI:
10.1177/0961203308101019. PMID:
19502263.
Article
86. Abe K, Ishikawa Y, Kita Y, Yajima N, Inoue E, Sada KE, et al. 2022; Association of low-dose glucocorticoid use and infection occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 24:179. DOI:
10.1186/s13075-022-02869-9. PMID:
35902976. PMCID:
PMC9330647.
Article
88. Rodziewicz M, Dyball S, Lunt M, McDonald S, Sutton E, Parker B, et al. 2023; Early infection risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab or belimumab from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register (BILAG-BR): a prospective longitudinal study. Lancet Rheumatol. 5:e284–92.
89. Kang KY, Kwok SK, Ju JH, Park KS, Cho CS, Kim HY, et al. 2011; The causes of death in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus over 11 years. Lupus. 20:989–97. DOI:
10.1177/0961203311402245. PMID:
21700655.
Article
90. Chun BC, Bae SC. 2005; Mortality and cancer incidence in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Hanyang lupus cohort in Seoul, Korea. Lupus. 14:635–8. DOI:
10.1191/0961203305lu2180xx. PMID:
16175938.
Article
91. Gianfrancesco MA, Dall'Era M, Murphy LB, Helmick CG, Li J, Rush S, et al. 2021; Mortality among minority populations with systemic lupus erythematosus, including Asian and Hispanic/Latino persons - California, 2007-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 70:236–9. DOI:
10.15585/mmwr.mm7007a2. PMID:
33600382. PMCID:
PMC7891689.
Article
92. Wang Z, Li M, Wang Y, Xu D, Wang Q, Zhang S, et al. 2018; Long-term mortality and morbidity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-center cohort study in China. Lupus. 27:864–9. DOI:
10.1177/0961203317751852. PMID:
29308727.
Article
93. Lotfy Fayed H, Ibrahim Emara N. A Mohammed RH. 2022; Mortality and disease related comorbidities in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an Egyptian cohort. Lupus. 31:628–36. DOI:
10.1177/09612033221081691. PMID:
35306918.
Article