J Mov Disord.
2023 Sep;16(3):248-260. 10.14802/jmd.22224.
Historical and More Common Nongenetic Movement Disorders From Asia
- Ibrahim NM
1 - Jagota P2
- Pal PK3
- Bhidayasiri R2,4
- Lim SY5,6
- Ugawa Y7
- Aldaajani Z8
- Jeon B9,10
- Fujioka S11
- Lee JY12
- Kukkle PL13,14
- Shang H15
- Phokaewvarangkul O2
- Diesta C16
- Shambetova C17
- Lin CH18
- Affiliations
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- 1Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 2Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- 3Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- 4The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
- 5The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson’s & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 6Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 7Department of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- 8Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- 9Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- 10Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 11Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- 12Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
- 13Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
- 14Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, India
- 15Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- 16Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Makati Medical Center, NCR, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines
- 17I. K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- 18Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- KMID: 2545922
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22224
Abstract
- Nongenetic movement disorders are common throughout the world. The movement disorders encountered may vary depending on the prevalence of certain disorders across various geographical regions. In this paper, we review historical and more common nongenetic movement disorders in Asia. The underlying causes of these movement disorders are diverse and include, among others, nutritional deficiencies, toxic and metabolic causes, and cultural Latah syndrome, contributed by geographical, economic, and cultural differences across Asia. The industrial revolution in Japan and Korea has led to diseases related to environmental toxin poisoning, such as Minamata disease and β-fluoroethyl acetate-associated cerebellar degeneration, respectively, while religious dietary restriction in the Indian subcontinent has led to infantile tremor syndrome related to vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, we identify the salient features and key contributing factors in the development of these disorders.
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