Korean J Orthod.  2023 May;53(3):150-162. 10.4041/kjod22.073.

Association between the severity of hypodontia and the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study

• Xiong X
• Liu J
• Wu Y
• Ye C
• Zhang Q
• Zhu Y
• Yang W
• Wang J

• KMID: 2542810
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod22.073

Abstract

Objective
To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7–24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements.
Results
In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different.
Conclusions
Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

Keyword

Tooth number; Cephalometrics; Hypodontia; Craniofacial morphology

Figure

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  Figure 1 Cephalometric landmarks used in the customized analysis. See Table 1 for definitions of each landmark.

• 

  Figure 2 Bland–Altman plots demonstrating the bias for cephalometric measurements. A, SNB. B, Pog-NB. C, S-Go/N-Me. D, LL-EP. Only four measurements are shown in this figure. See Table 1 for definitions of measurement.

• 

  Figure 3 The patterns of permanent tooth missing within the sample. A, The frequency of different types of tooth missing. B, The proportion of different patterns of tooth missing in the maxilla and mandible. C, The proportion of different patterns of tooth missing in the anterior and posterior site of the dental arches.

• 

  Figure 4 Smooth curves between the number of congenitally missing teeth and (A) NA-AP, (B) Pog-NB, (C) S-Go/N-Me, (D) GoGn-SN, (E) UL-EP, and (F) LL-EP, stratified by sex. See Table 1 for definitions of measurement.

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