Osong Public Health Res Perspect.  2023 Feb;14(1):23-30. 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0290.

Chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: evidence from a national health survey

• Hidayangsih PS
• Tjandrarini DH
• Sukoco NEW
• Sitorus N
• Dharmayanti I
• Ahmadi F

• KMID: 2540304
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0290

Abstract

Objectives
Several previous studies have stated that consuming certain foods and beverages might increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the relationships of food and beverage consumption with other risk factors for CKD.
Methods
Data sources included the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) and the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), which were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. The study samples were households from 34 provinces in Indonesia, and the analysis was performed with provincial aggregates. Data were analyzed using risk factor analysis followed by linear regression to identify relationships with CKD.
Results
The prevalence of CKD in Indonesia was 0.38%. The province with the highest prevalence was North Kalimantan (0.64%), while the lowest was found in West Sulawesi (0.18%). Five major groups were formed from 15 identified risk factors using factor analysis. A linear regression model presented 1 significant selected factor (p=0.006, R2=31%). The final model of risk factors included water quality, consumption of fatty foods, and a history of diabetes.
Conclusion
Drinking water quality, fatty food consumption, and diabetes are associated with CKD. There is a need to monitor drinking water, as well as to promote health education and provide comprehensive services for people with diabetes, to prevent CKD.

Keyword

Chronic kidney diseases; Diabetes mellitus; Drinking water; Fatty food