J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2022 Sep;46(3):154-157. 10.11149/jkaoh.2022.46.3.154.

Effect of silver fluoride on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and surface of dentin

• Kim H

• KMID: 2534112
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2022.46.3.154

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver fluoride (AgF) on the formation of cariogenic biofilm and surface of dentin in vitro.
Methods
Bovine dentin specimens with artificial caries were prepared and divided into 3 groups: untreated control, AgF-treated, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated. Streptococcus mutans cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was used to induce biofilm. The specimens were placed in a well plate containing BHI broth and S. mutans bacterial suspension, and incubated under aerobic conditions supplemented with 5% CO₂ at 37℃ for 24 hours. After the incubation, the specimens were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and sonicated to obtain a bacterial suspension. The diluted bacterial suspension was then smeared on a blood agar plate and cultured for 72 hours at 5% CO₂ and 37℃. Following this, the number of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) was counted and converted into logarithms for analysis. Additional specimens of each group were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was also performed for component analysis of the dentin surface.
Results
The number of S. mutans bacterial CFUs was significantly lower in the AgF and SDF groups than in the untreated control group. It was shown that SDF inhibited biofilm formation more than AgF; however, there was no statistical significance. The SEM images showed particles formed after AgF and SDF application were deposited on the dentin. It is confirmed through EDS analysis that the particles contained silver and fluoride ions.
Conclusions
This study confirmed that AgF application effectively inhibited the formation of the early S. mutans biofilm. It is suggested that AgF solution may be effectively used in the clinical setting to prevent caries without occurrence of gingival irritation or bad odors.

Keyword

Cariostatic agents; Dental caries; Silver fluoride; Streptococcus mutans

Figure

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  Fig. 1 The mean and standard deviation of bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans expressed as log10CFU/ml. *Statistically significant compared to control group (P<0.05). SDF: silver diamine fluoride, AgF: silver fluoride.

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  Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscope images of dentin specimen (×1,000). (A) Control, (B) silver diamine fluoride application, (C) silver fluoride application.

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  Fig. 3 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of dentin specimen. (A) Silver diamine fluoride application, (B) silver fluoride application.

Reference

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