Ultrasonography.  2022 Jul;41(3):444-461. 10.14366/usg.21233.

Vascular compression syndromes: a pictorial review

• Farina R
• Foti PV
• Pennisi I
• Vasile T
• Clemenza M
• Rosa GL
• Crimi L
• Catalano M
• Vacirca F
• Basile A

• KMID: 2531433
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14366/usg.21233

Abstract

Vascular compression syndromes include a group of rare vascular changes due to extrinsic compression of veins or arteries by surrounding structures. These pathologies are often underestimated due to their rarity, clinicians’ poor level of knowledge, and the non-specificity of their symptoms. The best known are Eagle syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, nutcracker syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, Dunbar syndrome, and popliteal entrapment syndrome. This work summarizes the main ultrasonographic characteristics, symptoms, and treatments of choice for these syndromes. Knowledge of these conditions’ characteristic signs is essential for the differential diagnosis. Failure to diagnose these rare diseases can expose patients to serious complications and risks to their health.

Keyword

May-Thurner syndrome; Dunbar syndrome; Nutcracker syndrome; Eagle syndrome; Thoracic outlet syndrome; Popliteal entrapment syndrome