World J Mens Health.
2022 Jul;40(3):380-398. 10.5534/wjmh.210164.
Antisperm Antibody Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in the Management of Immunological Male Infertility and Results of a Global Survey of Clinical Practices
- Gupta S1
- Sharma R1
- Agarwal A
1 - Boitrelle F2,3
- Finelli R1
- Farkouh A1
- Saleh R4
- Abdel-Meguid TAA5,6
- Gül M7
- Zilaitiene B8
- Ko E9
- Rambhatla A10
- Zini A11
- Leisegang K12
- Kuroda S1
- Henkel R1,13,14,15
- Cannarella R16
- Palani A17
- Cho CL18
- Ho CC19
- Zylbersztejn DS20
- Pescatori E21
- Chung E22
- Dimitriadis F23
- Pinggera GM24
- Busetto GM25
- Balercia G26
- Salvio G26
- Colpi GM27
- Çeker G28
- Taniguchi H29
- Kandil H30
- Park HJ31,32
- Rosas IM33
- Rosette Jdl34
- Cardoso JPG35
- Ramsay J36
- Alvarez J37,38
- Corral Molina JM39
- Khalafalla K40,41
- Bowa K42
- Tremellen K43
- Evgeni E44
- Rocco L45
- Rodriguez Peña MG46
- Sabbaghian M47
- Martinez M48
- Arafa M1,40,49
- Al-Marhoon MS50
- Tadros N51
- Garrido N52
- Rajmil O53
- Sengupta P54
- Vogiatzi P55
- Kavoussi P56
- Birowo P57
- Kosgi R58
- Bani-Hani S59
- Micic S60
- Parekattil S61
- Jindal S62
- Le TV63
- Mostafa T64
- Toprak T65
- Morimoto Y66
- Malhotra V67
- Aghamajidi A68
- Durairajanayagam D69
- Shah R70
- Affiliations
-
- 1American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 2Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- 3Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- 4Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- 5Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- 6Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 7Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
- 8Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, USA
- 9Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- 10Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
- 11Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- 12School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- 13Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 14Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- 15LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK
- 16Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- 17Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- 18SH Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- 19Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- 20Fleury Group and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- 21Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy
- 22Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- 231st Urology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- 24Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- 25Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- 26Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- 27Andrology Unit, Procrea Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
- 28Department of Urology, Samsun Vezirköprü State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
- 29Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- 30Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- 31Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- 32Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- 33Citmer Reproductive Medicine, IVF LAB, Mexico City, Mexico
- 34Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- 35Divisao de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- 36Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- 37Centro ANDROGEN, La Coruña, Spain
- 38Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 39Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- 40Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- 41Department of Urology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- 42School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia
- 43Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- 44Cryogonia Cryopreservation Bank, Athens, Greece
- 45Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- 46Departamento Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- 47Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- 48Section of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
- 49Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- 50Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- 51Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- 52IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- 53Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
- 54Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
- 55Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Greece
- 56Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- 57Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- 58Department of Urology and Andrology, AIG Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
- 59Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- 60Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia
- 61Avant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA
- 62Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
- 63Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- 64Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicina, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- 65Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- 66HORAC Grand Front Osaka Clinic, Osaka, Japan
- 67Department of Andrology and Urology, Diyos Hospital, New Delhi, India
- 68Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 69Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- 70Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- KMID: 2530707
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210164
Abstract
- Antisperm antibodies (ASA), as a cause of male infertility, have been detected in infertile males as early as 1954. Multiple causes of ASA production have been identified, and they are due to an abnormal exposure of mature germ cells to the immune system. ASA testing (with mixed anti-globulin reaction, and immunobead binding test) was described in the WHO manual 5th edition and is most recently listed among the extended semen tests in the WHO manual 6th edition. The relationship between ASA and infertility is somewhat complex. The presence of sperm agglutination, while insufficient to diagnose immunological infertility, may indicate the presence of ASA. However, ASA can also be present in the absence of any sperm agglutination. The andrological management of ASA depends on the etiology and individual practices of clinicians. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the causes of ASA production, its role in immunological male infertility, clinical indications of ASA testing, and the available therapeutic options. We also provide the details of laboratory procedures for assessment of ASA together with important measures for quality control. Additionally, laboratory and clinical scenarios are presented to guide the reader in the management of ASA and immunological male infertility. Furthermore, we report the results of a recent worldwide survey, conducted to gather information about clinical practices in the management of immunological male infertility.
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