Korean J Med.
2022 Apr;97(2):70-92. 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.2.70.
2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
- 8Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 9Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 10Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
- 11Digestive Disease Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 12Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 13Department of Gastroenterology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 14Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- 15Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- 16Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 17Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 18Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- 19Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 20Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- 21Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
- 22Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- 23Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 24Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 25Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
- 26Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- KMID: 2528349
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.2.70
Abstract
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology. Recently the Lyon consensus defined the “proven GERD” with concrete evidence for reflux, including advanced grade erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification grades C and or D esophagitis), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal esophageal acid exposure time > 6% on 24-hour ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring. However, some Asian researchers have different opinions on whether the same standards should be applied to the Asian population. The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asia. The present evidence-based guidelines were developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In GERD with typical symptoms, a proton pump inhibitor test can be recommended as a sensitive, cost-effective, and practical test for GERD diagnosis. Based on a meta-analysis of 19 estimated acid-exposure time values in Asians, the reference range upper limit for esophageal acid exposure time was 3.2% (95% confidence interval 2.7-3.9%) in the Asian countries. Esophageal manometry and novel impedance measurements, including mucosal impedance and a post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave, are promising in discrimination of GERD among different reflux phenotypes, thus increasing its diagnostic yield. We also propose a long-term strategy of evidence-based GERD treatment with proton pump inhibitors and other drugs.
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