J Neurogastroenterol Motil.
2022 Apr;28(2):283-290. 10.5056/jnm21108.
Self-reported Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Korean Population: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 4Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Digestive Disease Research Institute, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- 8Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- 9Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- 10Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- 11Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- KMID: 2528043
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5056/jnm21108
Abstract
- Background/Aims
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is characterized by intestinal and extra intestinal symptoms associated with the consumption of gluten- containing food. Since biomarkers for non-celiac gluten sensitivity are lacking, its prevalence is estimated based on self-reported symptoms. However, no data exist on self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity in the Korean population. Thus, we aim to investigate the prevalence of self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity in the Korean population and to determine its demographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods
This study surveyed Korean participants aged 18-80 years who visited gastroenterology outpatient clinics at 9 tertiary hospitals in South Korea from January 2016 to February 2017. They were questioned regarding symptoms related to gluten ingestion: degree of discomfort (visual analog scale score), frequency, time of symptom onset, and duration. Abdominal discomfort caused by 11 different kinds of gluten-containing Korean food items was investigated.
Results
More non-celiac gluten sensitivity self-reporters were identified among those with irritable bowel syndrome (33.6%) than among controls (5.8%). Major gastrointestinal symptoms included bloating (75.0%), abdominal discomfort (71.3%), and belching (45.0%). Common extra-intestinal symptoms included fatigue (20.0%) and headache (13.7%). More than half of those who self-reported nonceliac gluten sensitivity (66.3%) developed symptoms within 1 hour of food ingestion, and symptoms were localized in the upper abdomen (37.5%) and entire abdomen (30.0%).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that if there are gluten-related symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, the possibility of accompanying non-celiac gluten sensitivity should be considered.
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