J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2022 Mar;65(2):196-203. 10.3340/jkns.2021.0185.

The Therapeutic Role of Nanoparticle Shape in Traumatic Brain Injury : An in vitro Comparative Study

• Youn DH
• Jung H
• Tran NM
• Jeon JP
• Yoo H

• KMID: 2527176
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2021.0185

Abstract

Objective
: To perform a comparative analysis of therapeutic effects associated with two different shapes of ceria nanoparticles, ceria nanorods (Ceria NRs) and ceria nanospheres (Ceria NSs), in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods
: In vitro TBI was induced using six-well confluent plates by manually scratching with a sterile pipette tip in a 6×6-square grid. The cells were then incubated and classified into cells with scratch injury without nanoparticles and cells with scratch injury, which were treated separately with 1.16 mM of Ceria NSs and Ceria NRs. Antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed.
Results
: Ceria NRs and Ceria NSs significantly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species compared with the control group of SH-SY5Y cells treated with Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline. The mRNA expression of superoxide dismutases was also reduced in nanoparticle-treated SH-SY5Y cells, but apparently the degree of mRNA expression decrease was not dependent on the nanoparticle shape. Exposure to ceria nanoparticles also decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 expression, especially prominent in Ceria NR-treated group than that in Ceria NS-treated group.
Conclusion
: Ceria nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in TBI models in vitro. Ceria NRs had better antiinflammatory effect than Ceria NSs, but showed similar antioxidant activity.

Keyword

Traumatic brain injury; Cerium oxide; Nanoparticles

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Transmission electron microscopic images of ceria nanorods (Ceria NRs) (A) and ceria nanospheres (Ceria NSs) (B). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay of SH-SY5Y cells treated with ceria nanoparticles (C). NS : non-specific, TBI : traumatic brain injury, DPBS : Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline.

• 

  Fig. 2. Comparison of antioxidant (A) and anti-inflammatory effects (B) of ceria nanorods (Ceria NRs) and ceria nanospheres (Ceria NSs). Assay for the measurement of superoxide anions and nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS-induced inflammation were performed separately. *p<0.05. †p<0.01. ‡p<0.001. LPS : lipopolysaccharides, PMA : phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, DPBS : Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline, NS : non-specific.

• 

  Fig. 3. An in vitro model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by static mechanical injury in SH-SY5Y cells (A). Comparison of antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in an in vitro TBI model using DCFH-DA staining (B [×20] and C), and the analysis of mRNA expression of SOD1 and SOD2 (D and E), IL-6 (F), IL-1β (G), and TNF-α (H), using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction are shown. Western blot analysis of COX2 expression in a model of cellular TBI (I) and quantification of blots using the relative optical densities of COX2 and β-actin protein (J). Error bars, mean SEM. *p<0.05. †p<0.01. ‡p<0.001. LPS : lipopolysaccharides, PMA : phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, DPBS : Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline, NS : non-specific, TNF-α : tumor necrosis factor-α.

Reference

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