Ann Surg Treat Res.  2022 Mar;102(3):125-130. 10.4174/astr.2022.102.3.125.

Relationship between high bile juice amylase levels and chronic bacterial infections in patients with gallbladder cancer

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
  • 2Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
  • 3Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
  • 4Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
  • 5Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
  • 6Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
Pancreatic enzyme reflux into the biliary tract is associated with chronic inflammation and increased cellular proliferation in the biliary epithelium, leading to biliary carcinoma. We evaluated the relationship between high bile juice amylase levels and biliary microflora in patients with malignant gallbladder lesions.
Methods
In this retrospective study, 25 gallbladder specimens were obtained from patients with gallbladder cancer to evaluate amylase levels and perform bacterial culture. The samples were divided into high and low amylase groups and culture-positive and negative groups for analysis. Bile juice amylase 3 times higher than the normal serum amylase level (36–128 IU/L) was considered high.
Results
The number of positive cultures was higher in the high amylase group than in the low amylase group, but the difference was insignificant. There were no differences in other clinicopathological factors. Sixteen patients showed positive culture results; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were the most common gram-negative bacteria, whereas Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp. were the most common gram-positive bacteria. Age and bile juice amylase levels were significantly higher in the culture-positive group than in the culture-negative group. The incidence of bacterial resistance to cephalosporins was 6.25%–35.29%, and this incidence was particularly high for lower-generation cephalosporins.
Conclusion
Bacteria in gallbladder were identified more frequently when the amylase level was high. High amylase levels in the gallbladder can be associated with caused chronic bacterial infections with occult pancreaticobiliary reflux, potentially triggering gallbladder cancer

Keyword

Bacterial infections; Bile; Cholecystectomy; Gallbladder neoplasms; Reflux

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