Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2021 Sep;10(3):245-251. 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.245.

Transient expression of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase epitopes of Newcastle disease virus in maize as a potent candidate vaccine

• Shahriari AG
• Niazi A
• Habibi-Pirkoohi M

• KMID: 2525823
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.245

Abstract

Purpose
Newcastle disease (ND) represents a major viral disease across the world which imposes high costs to poultry producers for vaccination. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins are the major immunogenic epitopes of Newcastle disease virus and hence, have been the main targets for development of anti-ND vaccines. This paper reports transient expression of a synthetic gene composing of four tandem repeats of HN and three tandem repeats of F epitopes in maize leaves as initial step toward production of recombinant vaccine against ND.
Materials and Methods
The synthetic gene was cloned in pBI121 plasmid to yield an expression vector. The vector was sophisticated by the addition of AUG codon, polyhistidine-tag, tobacco mosaic virus omega sequence, stop codon, and restriction sites. Leaf transformation was conducted by the agroinfiltration method. Molecular detection assays including polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out to evaluate transgene expression in infiltrated leaves of the corn plant.
Results
The result obtained in this research revealed that the transgene was transcribed and translated in maize leaves only 48 hours after infiltration. In the second phase of the experiment, the expressed protein was injected into rabbits. The result of the ELISA assay indicated induction of immune response in the rabbits after injection with the heterologous protein.
Conclusion
These results confirm the feasibility of agroinfiltration for transient gene expression of viral epitopes in monocot plants which naturally resist stable transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Practical implications of this finding are discussed in detail and some recommendations for future studies are proposed.

Keyword

Newcastle disease; Recombinant vaccine; Transient gene expression; Agroinfiltration; Maize