J Vet Sci.
2022 Jan;23(1):e6. 10.4142/jvs.21040.
Risk factors for canine magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis associated with bacterial infection
- Uttamamul N
1,2 - Jitpean S3
- Lulitanond A1,2
- Wonglakorn L4
- Sae-ung N1,2
- Boonsiri P5
- Daduang J1,2
- Tavichakorntrakool R1,2
- Affiliations
-
- 1Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- 2School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- 3Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- 4Clinical Microbiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- 5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- KMID: 2525544
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21040
Abstract
- Background
With limited information available, the association among urinary tract infections, urease-producing bacteria and the presence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) urolithiasis in canines in Thailand requires more study.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the association between demographic characteristics of canines and the presence of MAP urolithiasis in canines, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from canine uroliths.
Methods
A total of 56 canines admitted for treatment with surgical removal of uroliths were recruited. Demographic characteristics and clinical chemistry data were recorded. Bacteria isolated from the removed uroliths were identified. Chemical compositions of the uroliths were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Potential risk factors were determined with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results
Of 56 canine urolithiasis, bacteria were isolated from uroliths of 38 canines (27 MAP and 11 non-MAP) but not from uroliths of 18 canines (5 MAP and 13 non-MAP). The most common bacteria found in nidus of MAP uroliths was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (approximately 51%). An antimicrobial resistance was frequently found in Staphylococci isolates (42.86%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of MAP urolith in canine urolithiasis were being female (p = 0.044; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 10.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06– 98.24) and the positive urolith culture (p = 0.012; adjusted OR, 8.60; 95% CI, 1.60–46.30).
Conclusions
Our results indicate that S. pseudintermedius (a urease-producing bacterium) is the major causative bacteria of MAP uroliths. A positive urolith culture and being female are risk factors of MAP urolithiasis in canines.
