J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2021 Nov;62(11):1539-1546. 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.11.1539.

Stereoacuity after Successful Occlusion Therapy in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

• Lee SW
• Jung EH

• KMID: 2522331
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.11.1539

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the stereoacuity between patients with anisometropic amblyopia who were treated and achieved normal visual acuity (VA) and normal children and evaluate the factors associated with stereoacuity.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 pediatric patients with anisometropic amblyopia who recovered to normal VA with glasses and occlusion treatment (amblyopia group) and 34 normal children (control group). The Worth 4-dot test, Lang II test, Titmus test, and TNO test were performed to measure stereoacuity. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups, and factors affecting stereoacuity outcomes were also analyzed in the amblyopic group.
Results
The mean age at diagnosis of amblyopia was 5.3 ± 1.4 years, and the mean VAs at diagnosis were 0.41 ± 0.24 and 0.06 ± 0.07 in amblyopic and fellow eyes, respectively. The mean duration of occlusion was 19.00 ± 9.44 months, and VA of amblyopic eyes improved to 0.04 ± 0.04 after occlusion treatment. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for the final VA of the amblyopic eye. The final mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution VA of the amblyopic eye in the amblyopia group was significantly worse than that in the control group. The number of patients with normal stereoacuity was significantly lower in the amblyopia group than in the control group on Lang II, Titmus, and TNO tests. Factors associated with poor stereoacuity were severe amblyopia in the Lang II test and poor post-treatment VA of the amblyopic eye in the Titmus test.
Conclusions
Stereoacuity was worse in the amblyopia group than in the control group, despite normal visual development. The depth of amblyopia and post-treatment VA were associated with stereoacuity outcomes. Thus, VA improvement should be closely monitored in the amblyopic eye to obtain good stereoacuity.

Keyword

Amblyopia, Anisometropia, Anisometropic amblyopia, Binocular vision, Stereopsis