Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg.
2021 Oct;64(10):734-740. 10.3342/kjorl-hns.2020.00766.
Prediction of Gross Extrathyroidal Extension Using Preoperative Ultrasonography in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- 2Biomedical Research Institude, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- KMID: 2521696
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2020.00766
Abstract
- Background and Objectives
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system 8th Edition has stated that gross extrathyroid extension (ETE) is more important than microscopic ETE, and that it plays an important factor in the classification of T stages. Therefore, the prediction of gross ETE before surgery is important in establishing the clinical stage and determining the surgical extent. However, there are few studies predicting gross ETE using preoperative ultrasonography (US). The purpose of this study is to predict the gross ETE of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using preoperative US.
Subjects and Method
The preoperative US findings of 688 patients with PTC were compared with gross ETE confirmed during the surgery. The efficacy of preoperative US was statistically analyzed.
Results
A total of 70 (10%) patients were confirmed of their gross ETE. Thyroid tumors were classified into three groups (isolation, capsular contact, and capsular protrusion) according to their relationship with capsules, and evaluated using the preoperative US. There was a significant difference in gross ETE between groups (p<0.001). The thyroid tumor that came into contact with the capsule or protruded in the anterior region showed a difference between the capsular contact and capsular protrusion groups (p<0.001), whereas those came into contact with the capsule or protruded in the posterior region showed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.187). There was no difference in the degree of protrusion (<25%, 25-50%, ≥50%) in the capsular protrusion group (p=0.868), but the difference in tumor size was significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Preoperative US is a useful tool for predicting gross ETE and is more predictable when the thyroid tumor is located anteriorly.
- Full Text Links
-
- Actions
-
Cited
- CITED
-
- Close
- Share
-
- Similar articles
-
- Sonographic Index for Extrathyroidal Extension of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Updated guidelines on the preoperative staging of thyroid cancer
- Comparison of two- and three-dimensional sonography for the prediction of the extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid carcinomas
- Preoperative Ultrasonographic Evaluation in Detecting Extrathyroidal Extension and Risk Factors of Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Associations between Bethesda categories and tumor characteristics of conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma
