J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2021 Aug;62(8):1069-1075. 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.8.1069.

Depression, Anxiety, Somatization Disorder, and Adjustment Disorder in Older Patients with Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration

• Lee HC
• Nam H
• Kang D
• Yeom MI

• KMID: 2519327
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.8.1069

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder in older patients diagnosed with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the relationship between exudative AMD and psychological disease.
Methods
The 2016 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Aged Patient Sample was applied in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: AMD patients undergoing intravitreal injection treatment and a control group. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Results
A total of 1,319,052 subjects were selected, of which 3,134 were in the exudative AMD group receiving intravitreal injections. The average age of the subjects was 74.7 ± 6.7 years, and 41.8% were male. In patients with exudative AMD, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder were 16%, 20%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively; in particular, the prevalence of depression and adjustment disorder were significantly higher than in the control group. In multivariate regression analysis, exudative AMD was a significant factor of depression (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.31, p < 0.001) and adjustment disorder (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.47-4.18, p < 0.001). However, the association between AMD and anxiety or somatization disorder was not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Exudative AMD showed a significant association with psychiatric disease, such as depression, and requires close clinical attention.

Keyword

Adjustment disorder; Age-related macular degeneration; Anxiety; Depression; Somatization disorder