Allergy Asthma Respir Dis.  2021 Jul;9(3):156-163. 10.4168/aard.2021.9.3.156.

Clinical features and pulmonary function in children with Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome: A single center experience

• Kim E
• Kim S
• Lee S
• Kim WS
• Suh DI

• KMID: 2519026
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2021.9.3.156

Abstract

Purpose
Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare disorder characterized by the hyperlucency of a unilateral lung due to ipsilaterally arrested lung growth. No sufficient information on progressive lung function changes during growth is available in SJMS.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed SJMS cases using a clinical database from January 2000 to August 2018.
Results
A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients was 4.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.7–9.0 years), boys (n = 21, 52.5%) were more affected, and left lungs (n = 27, 67.5%) were more involved. The interval between infection and diagnosis was 1.8 years (IQR, 0.7–6.4 years). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 14) and adenovirus (n = 5) were most prevalent among the 21 subjects with presumably identifiable causes. Most of the 16 patients with available pulmonary function data presented moderate obstructive lung function (z-score, median; FEV ₁: -4.320 [IQR, -5.955 to -3.400] and FVC: -2.600 [IQR, -3.590 to -1.570], respectively) with the more decreased median in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF _25%–75%) (z-score, -4.470; IQR, -5.330 to -3.170). Linear mixed effect models indicated that younger age at first infectious insult was significantly related to decreased FEV₁ z-score (P = 0.041), and that the FEV ₁/FVC and FEF _25%–75% z-scores were reduced by 0.082 (P = 0.005) and 0.069 (P ≤ 0.001) per year.
Conclusion
In children with SJMS, the initial infectious insult occurs in the early life with M. pneumoniae being the most common pathogen. Lung function may deteriorate with an obstructive pattern during growth. The impairment can progress slowly not in the FEV₁, but in the FEV₁/FVC or FEF_25%–75%

Keyword

Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome; Hyperlucent lung; Child; Bronchiolitis obliterans; Respiratory function tests; Mycoplasma