Diabetes Metab J.  2021 Jul;45(4):558-568. 10.4093/dmj.2020.0093.

Level of Organochlorine Pesticide in Prediabetic and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Varying Degree of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance among North Indian Population

• Tyagi S
• Mishra BK
• Sharma T
• Tawar N
• Urfi AJ
• Banerjee BD
• Madhu SV

• KMID: 2518898
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0093

Abstract

Background
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure may induce an endocrine disruption which may lead to the risk of developing diabetes through alteration and disturbance of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and destruction of β-cells. The present study determines the recent trend of OCPs residue in blood samples and their association with the known risk factors responsible for developing the risk of diabetes among the North Indian population.
Methods
Blood sample of 300 patients (100 each of normal glucose tolerance [NGT], prediabetes and newly detected diabetes mellitus [DM]) between the age group of 30 to 70 years were collected. OCPs residue in whole blood samples was analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with a ⁶³Ni selective electron capture detector.
Results
Significantly higher levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dieldrin, and p,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) were found in the prediabetes and newly detected DM groups as compared to NGT group. Insulin resistance showed to be significantly positive correlation with β-HCH and dieldrin. Also, fasting and postprandial glucose levels were significantly positively correlated with levels of β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE. Further, when OCPs level was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), it was found that β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE levels in blood increases the risk of diabetes by 2.70, 2.83, and 2.55 times respectively. Moreover, when we adjust OCPs level based on BMI categories (BMI <23, ≥23, and ≤25, and >25 kg/m²); β-HCH and p,p’-DDE showed a significant risk of developing newly detected DM with BMI >25 and ≥23 and ≤25 kg/m².
Conclusion
The OCPs level present in the environment may be responsible for biological, metabolic, and endocrine disruptions within the human body which may increase the risk of developing newly detected DM. Hence, OCPs exposure can play a crucial role in the etiology of diabetes.

Keyword

Body mass index; Diabetes mellitus; Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Insulin resistance; Prediabetic state

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) level in blood samples of control, prediabetic, and newly detected diabetes mellitus (DM) group. The values of OCPs are expressed in mean; error bar denotes±standard deviation; all differences were significant at P<0.05 levels. ppb, parts per billion; HCH, hexachlorocyclohexane; DDE, dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene; DDD, dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethane. a These denote significant with regards to controls, b These denote significant with regards to prediabetic, c These denote significant with regards newly detected DM.

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