Korean J Intern Med.  2021 Jul;36(4):898-905. 10.3904/kjim.2020.270.

The effect of beta-blockers in acute heart failure according to heart rate

• Kim HJ
• Jo SH
• Lee MH
• Seo WW
• Choi JO
• Ryu KH

• KMID: 2517806
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2020.270

Abstract

Background/Aims
Beta-blockers (BBs) have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. We evaluated the prescribing status of BBs in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) at discharge according to the presence or not of bradycardia, and its effect on prognosis.
Methods
Study data were obtained from a multicenter cohort of 3,200 patients hospitalized for HF. Patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of bradycardia and use of BBs at discharge. The primary outcome was the incidence of all-cause death during follow-up.
Results
Of 1,584 patients with HFrEF, 281 patients died during follow-up (median 523 days, mean 578.5 ± 429.7 days). In patients with bradycardia, the all-cause death rate did not significantly differ according to the use of BBs, but in those patients without bradycardia, the incidence of all-cause death was significantly lower in the BBs group than the no BBs group. Among these four groups, patients with heart rate (HR) ≥ 60 beats/min with no BBs group had the lowest cumulative death-free survival rate. In addition, HR ≥ 60 beats/min with BBs use was independently associated with a 31% reduced risk of all-cause death in patients with HFrEF.
Conclusions
BBs had a beneficial effect on clinical prognosis only in those HFrEF patients without bradycardia. Therefore, BBs should be given by clinicians to HF patients without bradycardia to improve their clinical outcomes.

Keyword

Beta-blocker; Heart failure; Ejection fraction, ventricular; Bradycardia