Exp Neurobiol.  2021 Jun;30(3):256-261. 10.5607/en21009.

High Levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of COVID-19 Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

• Guartazaca-Guerrero S
• Rodríguez-Morales J
• Rizo-Téllez SA
• Solleiro-Villavicencio H
• Hernández-Valencia AF
• Carrillo-Ruiz JD
• Escobedo G
• Méndez-García LA

• KMID: 2517478
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5607/en21009

Abstract

The coronavirus family has tropism for the Central Nervous System (CNS), however, there is no solid evidence demonstrating that the neurological effects of COVID-19 result from direct viral infection or systemic inflammation. The goals of this study were to examine the cytokine profile and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA was not detected in CSF of both patients, we found abnormally high levels of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IL-8 and MCP-1. Since these chemokines mediate activation and recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, it is feasible that cerebrovascular disease related-neuroinflammation found in both patients results from an exacerbated inflammatory response instead of SARS-CoV-2 direct invasion to CNS. These results suggest that neuroinflammation plays a key role in cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19.

Keyword

SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Cerebrospinal fluid; Cerebrovascular disease; IL-8; MCP-1