Infect Chemother.
2021 Jun;53(2):284-299. 10.3947/ic.2020.0142.
Dengue Virus is Hyperendemic in Nigeria from 2009 to 2020: A Contemporary Systematic Review
- Emeribe AU
1 - Abdullahi IN2
- Isong IK1
- Emeribe AO1
- Nwofe JO3
- Shuaib BI4
- Gwarzo AM5
- Usman Y2
- Sadi M6,7
- Umeozuru CM8
- Dangana A9
- Egenti BN10
- Mallam MAB11
- Emelonye AU11
- Aminu MS11
- Yahaya H11
- Oyewusi S11
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- 3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- 4Antiretroviral Therapy Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
- 5Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
- 6Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Saad Dahlab Blida1, Blida, Algeria
- 7Laboratory of Biotechnology Related to Animals Reproduction, Blida, Algeria
- 8Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
- 9Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
- 10Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja, Gwagalada, Abuja, Nigeria
- 11Department of Nursing Science, Maryam Abacha American university of Niger, Maradi, Niger Republic
- KMID: 2517459
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.0142
Abstract
- Backround: Data on Dengue virus (DENV) infection prevalence, geographic distribution and risk factors are necessary to direct appropriate utilization of existing and emerging control strategies. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence, risk factors of DENV infection and the circulating serotypes within Nigeria from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020.
Materials and methods
Twenty-one studies out of 2,215 available articles were eligible and included for this systematic review. Relevant articles were searched, screened and included in this study according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) criteria. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed by Cochrane's method. Heterogeneity of pooled prevalence was calculated using the chi-square test on Cochrane's Q statistic, which was quantified by I-square values. The random-effects analyses of proportions were used to determine the pooled prevalence of DENV antibodies, antigen and RNA from eligible studies.
Results
Of these, 3 studies reported co-circulation of all the 4 serotypes, while 2 separately reported co-circulation of DENV-1 &2 and DENV-1 to -3. All the antibody-based studies had significantly high heterogeneity (I2 >90%, P <0.05), while the NS1 and PCR-based studies had low heterogeneity (I2 <25%, P >0.05). The pooled prevalence of DENV IgM, IgG, RNA, NS1 and neutralizing antibodies were 16.8%, 34.7%, 7.7%, 7.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Southeast Nigeria had the highest pooled DENV-IgG seropositivity, 77.1%. Marital status, gender, educational level and occupation status, the proximity of residence to refuse dumpsite, frequent use of trousers and long sleeve shirts were significantly associated with DENV IgG seropositivity (P <0.05).
Conclusion
Based on these findings, it can be inferred that Nigeria is hyperendemic for Dengue fever and needs concerted efforts to control its spread within and outside the country.
