J Vet Sci.
2021 Jan;22(1):e12. 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e12.
Comparative genetic analyses of Korean bat coronaviruses with SARS-CoV and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2
- Affiliations
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- 1Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- 2Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- KMID: 2512440
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e12
Abstract
- Background
Bats have been considered natural reservoirs for several pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs) in the last two decades. Recently, a bat CoV was detected in the Republic of Korea; its entire genome was sequenced and reported to be genetically similar to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV).
Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare the genetic sequences of SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the two Korean bat CoV strains 16BO133 and B15-21, to estimate the likelihood of an interaction between the Korean bat CoVs and the human angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
Methods
The phylogenetic analysis was conducted with the maximum-likelihood (ML) method using MEGA 7 software. The Korean bat CoVs receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein was analyzed by comparative homology modeling using the SWISS-MODEL server. The binding energies of the complexes were calculated using PRODIGY and MM/GBGA.
Results
Phylogenetic analyses of the entire RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, spike regions, and the complete genome revealed that the Korean CoVs, along with SARS-CoV and SARSCoV-2, belong to the subgenus Sarbecovirus, within BetaCoVs. However, the two Korean CoVs were distinct from SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, the spike gene of the Korean CoVs, which is involved in host infection, differed from that of SARS-CoV-2, showing only 66.8%–67.0% nucleotide homology and presented deletions within the RBD, particularly within regions critical for cross-species transmission and that mediate interaction with ACE2. Binding free energy calculation revealed that the binding affinity of Korean bat CoV RBD to hACE2 was drastically lower than that of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions
These results suggest that Korean bat CoVs are unlikely to bind to the human ACE2 receptor.
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