J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2020 Sep;36(3):158-167. 10.14368/jdras.2020.36.3.158.

Infection control of dental implant hand drivers using ethanol solution

• Yu SY
• Lee JH

• KMID: 2512110
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2020.36.3.158

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the utilization of ethanol solution in infection control of dental implant hand drivers, a common practice in dental prosthodontic clinics.
Materials and Methods
Infection control methods were divided into two groups. One swabbed with 83% ethanol gauze and the other immersed in 83% ethanol solution for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 300 second intervals after inoculation of the dental implant hand drivers with Staphylococcus aureus. After measuring the number of colony forming units and analyzing the optical density, the effects of infection control in the experimental group were compared with the positive control group without infection control after inoculation with bacteria and the negative control group without inoculation with bacteria after sterilization.
Results
The number of colony forming units and optical density analysis showed a statistically significant difference compared to the positive control. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the negative control and the group immersed in the 83% ethanol solution for more than 150 seconds.
Conclusion
It is recommended to use the ethanol solution as a pre-cleaning process before sterilization, since the intermediatelevel disinfection method using ethanol solution alone for the infection control of the dental implant hand driver cannot clinically secure the sterility.

Keyword

infection control; dental implants; dental instruments; Staphylococcus aureus; ethanol; disinfection

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of the inoculation and the infection control methods. (A) Inoculation of the dental implant hand driver with S. aureus 1 x 108 CFU/ml, (B) Swab with 2 x 2 gauze soaked with 83% ethanol solution, (C) Immersion in 83% ethanol solution, (D) Immersion in brain heart infusion broth after each infection control methods.

• 

  Fig. 2 Schematic drawing of the evaluation methods of the infection control methods. (A) Vortex a BHI broth tube with the dental implant hand driver after the infection control methods, (B) BHI broth with removal of the dental implant hand driver, (C) Spreading on the BHI agar plates with serial dilution method from x 100 to x 106, (D) Colony forming unit counting after incubation of the BHI agar plates, (E) OD610 nm measurement after incubation of the BHI broth.

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  Fig. 3 Colony forming unit counting (1x). (A) Positive control, (B) 30 seconds Swab, (C) 30 seconds Immersion, (D) 60 seconds Immersion, (E) 90 seconds Immersion, (F) 120 seconds Immersion, (G) 150 seconds Immersion, (H) 180 seconds Immersion, (I) 300 seconds Immersion, (J) Negative control. Photographs of BHI agar plates with spreading the BHI broth with x 100 dilution cropped by 35 mm x 35 mm.

• 

  Fig. 4 S. aureus strains of the groups with infection control methods compared by negative control. Negative control: implant hand driver; not inoculated after autoclave method. Student’s t-tests were performed due to the normality of the data compared by negative control. *Statistical significance P < 0.05. n.d. (no difference).

• 

  Fig. 5 Optical density results of the groups with infection control methods compared by negative control. Negative control: implant hand driver; not inoculated after autoclave method. Student’s t-tests were performed due to the normality of the data compared by negative control. *Statistical significance P < 0.05. n.d. (no difference)

Reference

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