Restor Dent Endod.  2020 Nov;45(4):e50. 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e50.

Incorporation of amoxicillin-loaded microspheres in mineral trioxide aggregate cement: an in vitro study

• Bohns FR
• Branco Leitune VC
• Garcia IM
• Genari B
• Júnior NBD
• Guterres SS
• Ogliari FA
• Melo MASd
• Collares FM

• KMID: 2512041
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e50

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we investigated the potential of amoxicillin-loaded polymeric microspheres to be delivered to tooth root infection sites via a bioactive reparative cement.
Materials and Methods
Amoxicillin-loaded microspheres were synthesized by a spray-dray method and incorporated at 2.5% and 5% into a mineral trioxide aggregate cement clinically used to induce a mineralized barrier at the root tip of young permanent teeth with incomplete root development and necrotic pulp. The formulations were modified in liquid:powder ratios and in composition by the microspheres. The optimized formulations were evaluated in vitro for physical and mechanical eligibility. The morphology of microspheres was observed under scanning electron microscopy.
Results
The optimized cement formulation containing microspheres at 5% exhibited a delayed-release response and maintained its fundamental functional properties. When mixed with amoxicillin-loaded microspheres, the setting times of both test materials significantly increased. The diametral tensile strength of cement containing microspheres at 5% was similar to control. However, phytic acid had no effect on this outcome (p > 0.05). When mixed with modified liquid:powder ratio, the setting time was significantly longer than that original liquid:powder ratio (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Lack of optimal concentrations of antibiotics at anatomical sites of the dental tissues is a hallmark of recurrent endodontic infections. Therefore, targeting the controlled release of broad-spectrum antibiotics may improve the therapeutic outcomes of current treatments. Overall, these results indicate that the carry of amoxicillin by microspheres could provide an alternative strategy for the local delivery of antibiotics for the management of tooth infections.

Keyword

Aggregate trioxide mineral; Microspheres; Amoxicillin; Dental materials; Endodontics

Figure

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  Figure 1 Illustrative scheme of a possible approach for the proposed bioactive dental cement with amoxicillin-loaded polymeric microspheres.

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  Figure 2 Schematic demonstration of the synthesis route for microsphere preparation by spray-dry method.

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  Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopy images of amoxicillin-loaded microspheres.

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  Figure 4 Setting times of tested cement formulations as the microsphere concentration increases. Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

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  Figure 5 Diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the tested cement formulations according to microsphere concentration. Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

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