J Korean Diabetes.  2020 Dec;21(4):179-183. 10.4093/jkd.2020.21.4.179.

The Present and Future of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

The accuracy and convenience of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have been substantially improved in the past decade, with an accuracy comparable to finger-stick glucose meters. In addition, new advantageous features of CGM devices include a painless one button inserter, smaller (or integrated) transmitters, better connectivity with smartphones, an extended 14-day wear period, no acetaminophen interference, and no need for calibration with a finger-stick glucose meter. Real-time CGM is now the go-to diabetes technology for most people with type 1 diabetes, and acts as a gateway to more advanced diabetes technology. Real-time CGM has become a standard therapy for type 1 diabetes, and a well-proven therapy for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily injections. In the near future, advanced hybrid closed-loop devices with an automated correction bolus will be clinically available, which will be a major breakthrough toward fully automated insulin delivery.

Keyword

Blood glucose self-monitoring; Diabetes mellitus; type 1; Technology

Cited by  2 articles

A Position Statement of the Utilization and Support Status of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Korea
Won Jun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Jang Won Son, Ah Reum Khang, Su Kyoung Kwon, Ji Hye Kim, Tae Ho Kim, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Kyeong Hye Park, Sun Ok Song, Kang-Woo Lee, Woo Je Lee, Jung Hwa Jung, Ho-Chan Cho, Min Jeong Gu, Jeongrim Lee, Dal Lae Ju, Yeon Hee Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Sil Eom, Sung Hoon Yu, Chong Hwa Kim
J Korean Diabetes. 2021;22(4):225-237.    doi: 10.4093/jkd.2021.22.4.225.

The Occurrence and Management of Adverse Skin Events due to Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Jung Hwa Lee
J Korean Diabetes. 2022;23(1):43-49.    doi: 10.4093/jkd.2022.23.1.43.


Reference

1. Šoupal J., Petruželková L., Grunberger G., Hásková A., Flekač M., Matoulek M, et al. Glycemic outcomes in adults with T1D are impacted more by continuous glucose monitoring than by insulin delivery method: 3 years of follow-up from the COMISAIR study. Diabetes Care. 2020. 43:37–43.
Article
2. American Diabetes Association. 7. Diabetes technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020. 43(Suppl 1):S77–88.
3. Brown SA., Kovatchev BP., Raghinaru D., Lum JW., Buckingham BA., Kudva YC, et al. iDCL Trial Research Group. Six-month randomized, multicenter trial of closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019. 381:1707–17.
Article
4. Foster NC., Beck RW., Miller KM., Clements MA., Rickels MR., DiMeglio LA, et al. State of type 1 diabetes management and outcomes from the T1D exchange in 2016–2018. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019. 21:66–72.
Article
5. Kudva YC., Ahmann AJ., Bergenstal RM., Gavin JR 3rd., Kruger DF., Midyett LK, et al. Approach to using trend arrows in the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring systems in adults. J Endocr Soc. 2018. 2:1320–37.
Article
6. Laffel LM., Aleppo G., Buckingham BA., Forlenza GP., Rasbach LE., Tsalikian E, et al. A practical approach to using trend arrows on the Dexcom G5 CGM system to manage children and adolescents with diabetes. J Endocr Soc. 2017. 1:1461–76.
Article
7. Bell KJ., Smart CE., Steil GM., Brand-Miller JC., King B., Wolpert HA. Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era. Diabetes Care. 2015. 38:1008–15.
Article
8. Slattery D., Amiel SA., Choudhary P. Optimal prandial timing of bolus insulin in diabetes management: a review. Diabet Med. 2018. 35:306–16.
Article
9. Bode BW., Iotova V., Kovarenko M., Laffel LM., Rao PV., Deenadayalan S, et al. Efficacy and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart compared with insulin aspart, both in combination with insulin degludec, in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the onset 7 trial. Diabetes Care. 2019. 42:1255–62.
Article
10. Bianchi C., Aragona M., Rodia C., Baronti W., de Gennaro G., Bertolotto A, et al. Freestyle Libre trend arrows for the management of adults with insulin-treated diabetes: a practical approach. J Diabetes Complications. 2019. 33:6–12.
Article
11. Gu C., Brereton N., Schweitzer A., Cotter M., Duan D., Børsheim E, et al. Metabolic effects of late dinner in healthy volunteers-a randomized crossover clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020. 105:2789–802.
Article
12. Jakubowicz D., Wainstein J., Ahren B., Landau Z., Bar-Dayan Y., Froy O. Fasting until noon triggers increased postprandial hyperglycemia and impaired insulin response after lunch and dinner in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2015. 38:1820–6.
Article
13. Nakamura T., Hirota Y., Hashimoto N., Matsuda T., Takabe M., Sakaguchi K, et al. Diurnal variation of carbohydrate insulin ratio in adult type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. J Diabetes Investig. 2014. 5:48–50.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JKD
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr