J Korean Med Sci.  2020 Dec;35(48):e426. 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e426.

The Relationships among Media Usage Regarding COVID-19, Knowledge about Infection, and Anxiety: Structural Model Analysis

• Lee YR
• Lee JY
• Park IH
• Kim M
• Jhon M
• Kim JW
• Ryu S
• Kim JM
• Kim SW

• KMID: 2509531
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e426

Abstract

Background
We examined the effects of mass media usage on people's level of knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fear of infection, prejudice towards infected people, and anxiety level. In addition, we investigated whether knowledge about COVID-19 can reduce fear, prejudice, and anxiety.
Methods
We performed an anonymous online survey in 1,500 residents aged 19–65 years between April 24 and May 5 of 2020. Anxiety level was assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale. We used a questionnaire to investigate COVID-19-related media use, knowledge about COVID-19, fear of infection, and prejudice towards infected people. We analyzed the relationships among the variables using the structural equation model.
Results
Media use had significant effects on fear of infection, prejudice against infected people, and anxiety. Knowledge about COVID-19 had a significant protective effect on fear of infection, prejudice against infected people, and anxiety. However, the effect of media use on knowledge about COVID-19 was not statistically significant. There was a partial mediating effect of prejudice against infected people and fear of infection on media usage and anxiety.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated significant effects of mass media coverage regarding COVID-19 on fear, prejudice, and anxiety. While knowledge about COVID-19 could decrease fear, prejudice, and anxiety, the use of mass media did not enhance this knowledge. Medical societies should guide mass media reporting of COVID-19 and provide appropriate public education.

Keyword

COVID-19; Media; Knowledge; Prejudice; Fear; Anxiety

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Study model.e = measurement error; d = unexplained error.*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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