J Vet Sci.  2020 Sep;21(5):e80. 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e80.

Antiviral effects of Bovine antimicrobial peptide against TGEV in vivo and in vitro

• Liang X
• Zhang X
• Lian K
• Tian X
• Zhang M
• Wang S
• Chen C
• Nie C
• Pan Y
• Han F
• Wei Z
• Zhang W

• KMID: 2507280
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e80

Abstract

Background
In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions.
Objectives
This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Methods
The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀ ). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development.
Results
The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 µg/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log₁₀ TCID₅₀ of 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups.
Conclusions
APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV invivo and in vitro.

Keyword

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; infections; viruses; RNA messenger