Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci.
2020 Feb;18(1):41-48. 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.41.
Plasma Risperidone-related Measures in Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant/Conduct Disorders
- Piacentino D
1,2 - Kotzalidis GD3
- Schoretsanitis G4
- Paulzen M5,6
- Haen E7
- Cappelletti S8
- Giupponi G2
- Grözinger M6
- Conca A2
- Affiliations
-
- 1Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Basic Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Central Hospital, Health Agency of South Tyrol, Bozen, Italy
- 3NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- 4Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- 5Alexianer Hospital Aachen
- 6Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
- 7Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- 8Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences (SAIMLAL) Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- KMID: 2502125
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.41
Abstract
Objective
Therapeutic drug monitoring helps clinicians in choosing the right drug and adjust its dose in specific patients. To this end, we aimed to assess time patterns of risperidone and its metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, in children and adolescents with oppositional defiant and/or conduct disorder.
Methods
We measured plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone, their sum (active moiety, AM) and ratio, as well as plasma concentrations corrected for daily dose (C/D), from 140 children/adolescents with the above-mentioned disorders. We used Student’s t test to compare females versus males, patients under versus over 16-year-old, patients with lower versus higher than the median body weight, and patients with lower versus higher than the median body mass index (BMI). Two mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted for risperidone/9- hydroxyrisperidone ratio and AM, respectively, by considering risperidone daily dose and patients’ demographic characteristics.
Results
Females had higher 9-hydroxyrisperidone and AM plasma concentrations than males (p = 0.004 and p = 0.034). Younger patients had lower risperidone plasma concentration and risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio (p = 0.02 and p = 0.021), but higher C/D 9-hydroxyrisperidone and AM than older patients (p = 0.013 and p = 0.043). Lower-weight patients had lower plasma risperidone and risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio (p = 0.014 and p = 0.019), but higher C/D 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentration than heavier patients (p = 0.03). All these results could be accounted for by daily dose. Patients with lower and higher BMI did not differ significantly. Regression analyses showed that only risperidone daily dose predicted risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio, whereas risperidone daily dose, sex, and age predicted AM.
Conclusion
Clinicians prescribing risperidone need to consider sex, age, and weight, but not BMI when adjusting daily doses.
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