J Prev Med Public Health.
2020 Jan;53(1):29-36. 10.3961/jpmph.19.175.
The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- 3Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 5Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2501635
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.175
Abstract
Objectives
Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Methods
As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Results
Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model.
Conclusions
Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.
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