J Korean Soc Emerg Med.  2020 Apr;31(2):200-209.

Prognosis predictability of combination between lactate and SMART-COPin elderly hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumoniain the emergency department

• Jeong AY
• Oh S
• Park S
• Youn CS
• Park JH
• Choi SP
• Oh JH
• Park IA

Abstract

Objective
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older patients is a potentially life-threatening infection with a poor prognosis. Therefore, is important to predict the mortality rate of CAP for older patients. This study examined the effects of predictive increases on CAP mortality by adding a biomarker to known CAP severity prediction tools.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of information was conducted on patients older than 65 years, who were treated with CAP in five emergency departments from October 2016 to February 2017. The primary outcome was the 28-day mortality. The following were calculated for each patient: qSOFA (quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), A-DROP (Age, Dehydration, Respiratory failure, Orientation, blood Pressure), CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea level, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age≥65 years), SMART-COP (Systolic blood pressure, Multilobar infiltrates, Albumin, Respiratory rate, Tachycardia, Confusion, Oxygen and pH), NLR (neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet:lymphocyte ratio), and CAR (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein:albumin ratio). The prognostic value for the 28-day mortality was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The 28-day mortality was 12.0% of 693 CAP patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lactate (odds ratio [OR], 1.589; P<0.001) and CAR (OR, 1.208; P=0.006) were correlated with the 28-day mortality. NLR (OR, 1.00; P=0.983) and PLR (OR, 1.00; P=0.784) were not correlated. The area under curve (AUC) was significant as CAR 0.649, lactate 0.737, and SMART-COP 0.735 (P<0.001), and the AUC of lactate+SMART-COP increased significantly to 0.784 compared to SMART-COP (P=0.014).
Conclusion
A combination of lactate and SMART-COP can be used as a tool to assess the severity of older hospitalized CAP patients who visited emergency departments.

Keyword

Pneumonia; Mortality; Aged; Lactates