J Nutr Health.  2020 Apr;53(2):155-174. 10.4163/jnh.2020.53.2.155.

Effect of nutrient intake and dietary diversity score on osteoporosis of middle-aged adults and elderly based on 2015–2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data

• Kwon S
• Lee JS

• KMID: 2500006
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2020.53.2.155

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrient intake and dietary diversity score (DDS) on osteoporosis after controlling for sex, age, socioeconomic level, drinking, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) as mediators using the 2015–2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data.
Methods
This study was focused on the age group of 50s and older by using the 2015–2017 KNHANES data. Subjects diagnosed with osteoporosis were classified as the osteoporosis group, and the other subjects were classified as the normal group. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between nutrient intake and DDS after controlling for mediators.
Results
The risk of osteoporosis was 2.38 times lower in the 50–65 age group than in the 75 years and older group. The mediators affecting the incidence of osteoporosis by age group were sex, age, household income level, and education level in the 50–64 age group; sex, education level, drinking, and BMI in the 65–74 age group; and sex, age, current smoking, drinking, BMI, and energy intake in the 75 years and older group. The effect of nutrient intake on osteoporosis, with the exception of vitamin B1, was fully mediated by these mediators. The effect of vitamin B1 was partially mediated by mediators in the age group of 65–74 years, and vitamin B1 was effective for preventing the risk of osteoporosis by 25% when consumed over EAR. The effect of DDS was partially mediated in the age group of 75 years and older, and DDS of 2 or less increased the risk of osteoporosis by 2.59 times.
Conclusion
As a result of this study, it is necessary to recommend the balanced intake of various foods including grains, meat·fish·legumes, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products as dietary guidelines for the prevention of osteoporosis and promotion of bone health in the elderly.

Keyword

osteoporosis; mediator; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey