1. Caporali R, Crepaldi G, Codullo V, et al. 20 years of experience with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: what have we learned? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018; 57:57 Suppl 7. vii5–vii10.
Article
2. van Dullemen HM, van Deventer SJ, Hommes DW, et al. Treatment of Crohn's disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor chimeric monoclonal antibody (cA2). Gastroenterology. 1995; 109:129–135.
Article
3. Roach DR, Bean AG, Demangel C, France MP, Briscoe H, Britton WJ. TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of mycobacterial infection. J Immunol. 2002; 168:4620–4627.
Article
4. Feldmann M, Maini RN. Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned? Annu Rev Immunol. 2001; 19:163–196.
5. Gottlieb AB. Tumor necrosis factor blockade: mechanism of action. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2007; 12:1–4.
Article
6. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345:1098–1104.
7. Ai JW, Zhang S, Ruan QL, et al. The risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist: a metaanalysis of both randomized controlled trials and registry/cohort studies. J Rheumatol. 2015; 42:2229–2237.
Article
8. Minozzi S, Bonovas S, Lytras T, et al. Risk of infections using anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; 15(sup1):11–34.
Article
9. Getahun H, Chaisson RE, Raviglione M. Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373:1179–1180.
Article
10. Mack U, Migliori GB, Sester M, et al. LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis? A TBNET consensus statement. Eur Respir J. 2009; 33:956–973.
Article
11. Flynn JL, Chan J. Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001; 19:93–129.
12. Navarra SV, Tang B, Lu L, et al. Risk of tuberculosis with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy: substantially higher number of patients at risk in Asia. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014; 17:291–298.
13. Song HK, Lee KM, Jung SA, et al. Quality of care in inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 2(nd) Asian Organization of Crohn's and Colitis (AOCC) meeting in Seoul. Intest Res. 2016; 14:240–247.
14. Kwak MS, Cha JM, Lee HH, et al. Emerging trends of inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 34:1018–1026.
Article
15. Jung SM, Ju JH, Park MS, et al. Risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: a nationwide study in South Korea, a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015; 18:323–330.
16. Dixon WG, Hyrich KL, Watson KD, et al. Drug-specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69:522–528.
Article
17. Deepak P, Stobaugh DJ, Ehrenpreis ED. Infectious complications of TNF-α inhibitor monotherapy versus combination therapy with immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease: analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2013; 22:269–276.
18. Carpio D, Jauregui-Amezaga A, de Francisco R, et al. Tuberculosis in anti-tumour necrosis factor-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients after the implementation of preventive measures: compliance with recommendations and safety of retreatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2016; 10:1186–1193.
Article
19. Sichletidis L, Settas L, Spyratos D, Chloros D, Patakas D. Tuberculosis in patients receiving anti-TNF agents despite chemoprophylaxis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006; 10:1127–1132.
21. Park DI, Hisamatsu T, Chen M, et al. Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: management. Intest Res. 2018; 16:17–25.
Article
22. Byun JM, Lee CK, Rhee SY, et al. Risks for opportunistic tuberculosis infection in a cohort of 873 patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015; 50:312–320.
Article