Environ Health Toxicol.
2016 ;31(1):e2016021. 10.5620/eht.e2016021.
Evaluation of metal contamination and phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes of East Kolkata Wetlands, India
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India. apurbaghosh2010@gmail.com
- 2Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Hooghly, India.
- 3Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur, India.
- 4Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
- KMID: 2469677
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2016021
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential.
METHODS
Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytes Colocasia esculenta and Scirpus articulatus.
RESULTS
The concentration of metals in sediment were, from highest to lowest, Mn (205.0±65.5 mg/kg)>Cu (29.9±10.2 mg/kg)>Pb (22.7±10.3 mg/kg)>Cd (3.7±2.2 mg/kg). The phytoaccumulation tendency of these metals showed similar trends in both native aquatic macrophyte species. The rate of accumulation of metals in roots was higher than in shoots. There were strong positive correlations (p<0.001) between soil organic carbon (OC) percentage and Mn (r =0.771), and sediment OC percentage and Pb (r=0.832). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) also showed a positive correlation (p<0.001) with Cu (r=0.721), Mn (r=0.713), and Pb (r=0.788), while correlations between sediment OC percentage and Cu (r=0.628), sediment OC percentage and Cd (r=0.559), and CEC and Cd (r=0.625) were significant at the p<0.05 level.
CONCLUSIONS
Bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors of these two plants revealed that S. articulatus was comparatively more efficient for phytoremediation, whereas phytostabilization potential was higher in C. esculenta.
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