Nat Prod Sci.  2019 Dec;25(4):341-347. 10.20307/nps.2019.25.4.341.

The Activation of PPAR-α and Wnt/β-catenin by Luffa cylindrica Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract

• Kim B

• KMID: 2468068
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2019.25.4.341

Abstract

Luffa cylindrica (LC) is a very fast-growing climber and its fruit have been considered as agricultural wastes. We conducted to check the comparative qualities of ethanol solvent extraction (LCE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (LCS) of L. cylindrica fruit and seed. LCS had higher antioxidant and polyphenol contents than LCE. LCS were significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-a and involucrin expression as epidermal differentiation marker in 3D skin equivalent model. LCS also showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a causative bacteria in atopic dermatitis. In addition, LCS inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When treated with the extract at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells was increased approximately by 2-folds compared to that of the untreated control group. These results indicate that L. cylindrica supercritical carbon dioxide extract may serve as a cosmeceutical for improving skin barrier function and the treatment of obesity.

Keyword

Luffa cylindrica; Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction; Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors; Wnt/β-catenin; Adipocyte differentiation

MeSH Terms

3T3-L1 Cells
Adipocytes
Bacteria
Carbon Dioxide*
Carbon*
Dermatitis, Atopic
Ethanol
Fruit
Luciferases
Luffa*
Obesity
Peroxisomes
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Carbon
Carbon Dioxide
Ethanol
Luciferases

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effect of LC on cell viability. Ethanol solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from L. cylindrica indicate LCE and LCS respectively. No treatment was used as a negative control. Values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05 compared to the untreated control group.

• 

  Fig. 2 (A) Antioxidant effect on LC. LC indicate Luffa cylindrica extract. (B) Total polyphenol content of LC. GAE indicates gallic acid equivalent in mg/g. Values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM).

• 

  Fig. 3 Transactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-responsive element (PPRE) by different concentrations of LC. HEK293 cells were transfected with PPRE luciferase construct. WY14643 was used as a positive control and no treatment was used as a negative control. Values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05, compared to the untreated control group. LC indicate Luffa cylindrica extract.

• 

  Fig. 4 Immunoblot analysis of involucrin in 3D skin equivalent model. Each signal was quantified by ImageJ. Values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05 compared to the untreated control group. LCS indicate supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from L. cylindrica.

• 

  Fig. 5 Antimicrobial effect. S. aureus were used for paper disc diffusion assay. 10% DMSO was used as a negative control. Methyl paraben (MP) was used as a positive control. LC indicate Luffa cylindrica extract. A clear zone was examined around the paper disc. **P < 0.01 compared to the control group.

• 

  Fig. 6 Effect of LCS on luciferase activity. HEK293 cells containing pTOPFlash reporter gene in its chromosome were cultured and treated with different LC at 1, 10 or 100 µg/mL concentration, and cellular extract was prepared after 24 h as described in the Materials and methods. LCS indicate supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from L. cylindrica.

• 

  Fig. 7 Effect of LCS on the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiation for 7 days with or without 20 mM LiCl. Intracellular lipids of 3T2-L1 cells were visualized by Oil Red O staining as described in the Materials and methods. Original magnification: ×400. LCS indicate supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from L. cylindrica.

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