J Bacteriol Virol.  2019 Sep;49(3):133-140. 10.4167/jbv.2019.49.3.133.

Histopathological Evaluation of the Efficacy for Plant-produced E2 Protein Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) in Piglets

• Kim SY
• Jung BK
• Park GN
• Kim HR
• An DJ
• Shon EJ
• Chang KS

• KMID: 2468033
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2019.49.3.133

Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF), previously known as hog cholera, remains one of the most important swine-related contagious diseases worldwide. In order to eradicate classical swine fever virus (CSFV), it is commonly used in LOM-850 strain as a live attenuated CSF vaccine. However, there are symptoms of vaccination, such as the depression of feed intake, and difficulty of differentiation between infected and vaccinated hosts is impossible based on the antibodies induced. Nicotiana benthamiana were considered as an alternative to the production of recombinant vaccines on account of higher yields and levels of soluble protein than other models and crops in protein recombinant products. This study was conducted to evaluate histopathological validation of the plant-produced E2 fusion protein (ppE2) in piglets. The piglets were challenged by an injection of YC11WB strain in 7 days, 11 days and 14 days after one shot of the vaccination. The histopathological examination indicated that ppE2 can protect against lethal CSFV challenge at least 11 days of vaccination in piglets. These data suggest that the ppE2 can be an effective vaccine against CSFV in piglets.

Keyword

Nicotiana benthamiana; Plant-derived vaccine; Classical swine fever virus; Histopathological change

MeSH Terms

Animals
Antibodies
Classical swine fever virus*
Classical Swine Fever*
Depression
Swine
Tobacco
Vaccination
Vaccines, Synthetic
Antibodies
Vaccines, Synthetic

Figure

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  Figure 1 Histopathologic examination of classical swine fever virus-infected piglets, based on H&E stained tonsil section (×40). Congestion of the blood vessels (red arrow) and accumulation of cellular debris including neutrophil and lymphocytes (black arrow) were observed in the tonsil. Diffuse hemorrhages (black arrow) in the red pulp and depletion of the lymph follicles were observed in the spleen. Congestion of capillary (black arrow) was observed in the heart. Congestion of central vein (red arrow) and necrosis with lymphocytic infiltration in periportal areas (black arrow) were observed in the liver. Extensive hemorrhages in alveoli and interstitium, diffuse severe infiltration of mononuclear cells in alveoli, bronchi, and bronchiolar lumen were observed in the lung (black arrow). Congestion of the blood vessels (black arrow) and interstitial nephritis characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells in the interstitial spaces were observed in the kidney. Hemorrhage was observed in the inguinal lymph node (black arrow). Hemorrhage was observed in the mesenteric lymph node (black arrow). Depletion of lymphocytes (black arrow) and infiltration of eosinophils in the lymphoid follicles and submucosal layer (red arrow) were observed in the ileum. Development of blood vessel was observed in the cecum (black arrow). Control group I; unvaccinated group, experimental group II (challenge at 7 days post vaccination); vaccinated with plant-produced E2 fusion protein, experimental group III (challenge at 11 days post vaccination); vaccinated with plant-produced E2 fusion protein, experimental group IV (challenge at 14 days post vaccination); vaccinated with plant-produced E2 fusion protein, experimental group V (challenge at 14 days post vaccination); vaccinated with LOM strain vaccine.

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