J Menopausal Med.  2019 Aug;25(2):100-107. 10.6118/jmm.19197.

Effects of Parity and Breast Feeding Duration on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Lee EN
• Choe SY
• Choi EH
• Lee MJ

• KMID: 2466846
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.19197

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To summarize the evidence regarding the association of parity and breast feeding duration with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. This was because studies have been inconsistent regarding the effect of parity and breast feeding duration on the risk of osteoporosis.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of relevant studies published by December 26, 2018 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, KMbase, and KoreaMed. Outcome estimates of odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference were pooled with fixed or random-effect model. In case of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Seven cross-sectional studies (with 3,813 subjects) were included in the analysis. OR for osteoporosis was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.88, P = 0.010) in postmenopausal women with higher parity compared to those with less parity. Moreover, OR for osteoporosis was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.28-2.93, P = 0.002) in postmenopausal women with longer durations of breast feeding than in those with shorter durations of breast feeding.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that duration of breast feeding increased the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. More cohort studies with high quality research designs are needed to confirm our results.

Keyword

Bone density; Breast feeding; Parity; Postmenopause

MeSH Terms

Bone Density
Breast Feeding*
Breast*
Cohort Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Odds Ratio
Osteoporosis*
Parity*
Population Characteristics
Postmenopause
Research Design

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the study selection process.

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  Fig. 2 Risk of osteoporosis by parity. (A) Overall effect size. (B) Sensitivity analysis (quality assessment result good only). CI: confidence interval, df: degree of freedom.

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  Fig. 3 Risk of osteoporosis by breast feeding duration. (A) Overall effect size. (B) Sensitivity analysis (quality assessment result good only). CI: confidence interval, df: degree of freedom.

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