J Nutr Health.  2019 Dec;52(6):552-558. 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.552.

Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among Korean adolescent girls and young women

• Jang H
• Park S
• Park K

• KMID: 2466669
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.552

Abstract

PURPOSE
Although vitamin D deficiency is common among Korean adolescent girls and young women, few studies have explored the potential health effects of vitamin D deficiency in this vulnerable population. This study examined the association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in Korean adolescent girls and young women.
METHODS
The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 ~ 2014 were used. A total of 3,643 girls and adult women aged 12 to 29 who provided all the information (including serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hemoglobin, and/or serum ferritin) needed for the analysis were included in the analysis. Demographic, lifestyle, and health data were obtained through survey questionnaires. Anemia and iron deficiency anemia were defined according to the World Health Organization cut-offs. Multivariable logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline regression were used in the analysis.
RESULTS
In fully adjusted logistic regression models, the vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with higher prevalences of anemia (odds ratio (OR): 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 ~ 2.49) and iron deficiency anemia (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 2.03). In a cubic spline regression model, we observed a dose-response relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and anemia, and this linear relationship was also clearly observed between serum 25(OH)D concentration and iron deficiency anemia.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and anemia in adolescent girls and young women. Alternatively, vitamin D deficiency may be a concurrent event for patients with anemia, which we cannot distinguish in this cross-sectional study. Further studies are needed to verify the causality in this population of low vitamin D levels.

Keyword

vitamin D; anemia; iron-deficiency anemia; adolescents; women

MeSH Terms

Adolescent*
Adult
Anemia*
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female*
Humans
Korea
Life Style
Logistic Models
Nutrition Surveys
Prevalence
Vitamin D Deficiency*
Vitamin D*
Vitamins*
Vulnerable Populations
World Health Organization
Vitamin D
Vitamins

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the non-linear relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and prevalence of (A) anemia and (B) iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls and young women, evaluated with restricted cubic splines. The model was adjusted for age (continuous), obesity status (obese and non-obese), smoking status (smokers and non-smokers), alcohol consumption (drinkers and non-drinkers), household income (low, mid ~ low, mid ~ high, and high), and physical activity (low, mid, and high). Solid lines, OR; dashed lines, 95% CI.

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