J Korean Soc Matern Child Health.  2019 Oct;23(4):220-231. 10.21896/jksmch.2019.23.4.220.

Influencing Factors on Infant Mothers' Happiness

• Seo SJ
• Cho HH

• KMID: 2465143
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2019.23.4.220

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to provide preliminary data for a nursing intervention plan to promote happiness of mothers with infants. Therefore, factors affecting happiness of mothers with infants were investigated.
METHODS
Subjects were 142 mothers with children aged 1 to 3 years, in daycare centers and kindergartens located in Busan metropolitan city. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires.
RESULTS
Pressures pertaining to the parental role and distress related to subfactors of parenting stress, leisure activity (among subfactors of fathers' involvement in parenting), and marital satisfaction were significant predictors of happiness for mothers with infants. These variables explained 47.6% of the differences in happiness of mothers with infants.
CONCLUSION
Based on the above results, mothers with infants are happier when pressure and distress from parenting decrease and leisure activities resulting from fathers' involvement in parenting and marital satisfaction increase. Therefore, to increase the happiness of mothers with infants, the development of a nursing intervention program is necessary. Specific goals of the program should include promoting leisure activity (as fathers become more involved in parenting), decreasing distress from parenting, and improving marital satisfaction levels.

Keyword

Father; Infant; Involvement; Happiness; Mother; Parenting

MeSH Terms

Busan
Child
Fathers
Happiness*
Humans
Infant*
Leisure Activities
Mothers
Nursing
Parenting
Parents

Reference

Abidin RR. Parenting stress index (PSI). Charlottesville (VA): Pediatric Psychology Press;1990.

An YH., Hong SO., Hong KJ. Relationship of paternal participation to maternal stress and happiness in parents of disabled preschoolers. Korea Assoc Child Educ. 2016. 96:49–78.

Choi HN. The role practices of fathers' of infants and toddlers mothers' happiness [master's thesis]. Seoul: Korean Bible University;2013.

Choi KS. A. Study on the relationship between social competency of child and the child rearing behaviors and involvement of father. Korean J Child Stud. 1992. 14:115–35.

Choi NR., Jin MG. The moderating effects of gratitude on the relationships between parenting stress and subjective well-being of mothers with young children. Korean J Play Ther. 2014. 17:453–69.

Choi YG., Kim YH., Lee HM. Sweden's child care policy (ii): focused on teacher policy. Korea Ins Child Care Educ World Child Care Policy Trend Ser. 2015. 15:1–66.

Chung HY. A study on the mediation effect of the fathers' participation in child rearing on the mothers' parenting efficacy and parenting stress on the children's happiness. Korean J Child Educ. 2019. 28:97–120.

Chung KS. Happiness perceptions of mothers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents: focus on past and present happiness, conditions of happiness and happiness discrepancies. Korean J Child Educ. 2014. 23:105–25.

Chung KS., Choi ES. The effects of mothers' demographic, psychological, and relational factors on the happiness of mothers with young children. Korea Open Assoc Early Child Educ. 2012. 17:143–63.

Jo DE. The Nicomachean ethics book of Aristotles. Seoul (Korea): Dodeulsaegim;2015.

Jo KH., Do MH. The effects of mothers’ happiness and parenting stress on young children’s self-esteem - The Mediating Role of Parenting Efficacy-. Korea Child Family Welf Assoc. 2016. 21:725–44.

Kim DR., Kim JW. Study of the correlation between the happiness of young children and that of their parents. J Korea Open Assoc Early Child Educ. 2008. 13:311–33.

Kim ES. Father's participation in childcare, conditions leading the child to happiness. Child care policy brief. Korea Ins Child Care Educ. 2012. 1–4.

Kim J., Lee JH. A Study on the relationship between father's participation in child rearing and mother's child rearing stress. Korean J Child Stud. 2005. 26:245–61.

Kim JR., Kim NH. The relationship among mothers’ happiness, parenting behaviors and children’s happiness. J Life-Span Stud. 2014. 4:19–32.

Kim KH., Kang HK. Research: development of the parenting stress scale. Fam Environ Res. 1997. 35:141–50.

Kim MJ., Kim JW. The correlation between the mothers' happiness and preschoolers' attachment stability, and peer competence. J Early Child Educ Educare Welf. 2010. 14:5–28.

Kim MS., Kim HW., Cha KH., Im JY., Han YS. Exploration of the structure of happy life and development of the happy life scale among Korean adults. Korean J Health Psychol. 2003. 8:415–42.

Kim SH. Relationship between father's parenting involvement and mother's happiness with young children [master's thesis]. Incheon (Korea): Gachon University;2015.

Kim SR., Choi HJ., Jeong KH., Lee YL. The effect of mothers' parenting stress on children's social and emotional behaviors according to fathers' participation in child care: a structural equation modeling analysis. Early Child Educ Res Rev. 2012. 16:551–75.

KSURVEY. A study on the happiness index of Korea [Internet]. Seoul (Korea): KSURVEY;2014. [cited 2017 Jun 1]. Available from: http://blog.naver.com/ksurvey_/150188101718.

Lamb ME. The role of the father in child development. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley;2010.

Lee HO., Kim YH. Effects of mother‘s personality, marital relationship, and relationship with young children on happiness. J Early Child Educ Educare Welf. 2016. 3:161–88.

Lee JW. The effects of maternal parenting efficacy, parenting stress, mother’s daily stress and happiness on children’s daily stress. J Humanit Soc Sci. 2018. 9:1051–64.

Lee YJ., Kim AR., Im JB. The actual conditions of participation in parenting and strengthening capacity. Korea Ins Child Care Educ. 2016. 1–222.

Maeil Business News Korea. Individualized childcare abolition... Nursery schools are introduced in the afternoon and evening classes [Internet]. Seoul: Maeil Business News Korea;2019. [cited 2019 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.mk.co.kr/news/society/view/2019/04/212528/.

Ministry of Employment and Labor. Ministry of Employment and Labor opens 'Papa net', [Internet]. Seojong (Korea): Ministry of Employment and Labor;2017a. [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://www.moel.go.kr/news/enews/report/enewsView.do?news_seq=8156.

Ministry of Employment and Labor. Parental leave in 2017, 1 out of 8 dad 2018 [Internet]. Seojong (Korea): Ministry of Employment and Labor;2017b. [cited 2017 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.moel.go.kr/news/enews/report/enewsView.do?news_seq=8431.

Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. 2015 Announcement of the results of a family survey: Men's participation in childcare and housekeeping increased over 10 year [Internet]. Seoul (Korea): Ministry of Gender Equality and Family;2016. [cited 2017 Jun 1]. Available from: http://dl.nanet.go.kr/SearchDetailView.do.

Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. The top priority for gender equality, women "participation in male households and child care", men "Sexual discrimination in mass media [Internet]. Seoul (Korea): Ministry of Gender Equality and Family;2017. [cited 2017 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.mogef.go.kr/nw/enw/nw_enw_s001d.do?mid=mda700.

Ministry of Health and Welfare. Individualized child care [Internet]. Seojong (Korea): Ministry of Health and Welfare;2018. [cited 2018 Mar 7]. Available from: http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/policy/index.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=06&MENU_ID=06400105&PAGE=5&topTitle=%EB%A7%9E%EC%B6%A4%ED%98%95%20%EB%B3%B4%EC%9C%A1.

Moon MK., Cho SI., Kim JI. A study on the recognition of Korean parents and the consciousness of child care. Korea Ins Child Care Educ. 2016. 1–303.

Nam SS. G*power and sample size for sports and medical science research. Seoul (Korea): Hannarae academy;2015. p. 66–70.

Park JY., Choi YH., Hwang RR., Park NS. The mediating effect of maternal child-rearing behavior on the relationship between maternal depression the sociability of children. Korean J Play Ther. 2019. 22:1–19.

Pyo YK. The Relations among Nurtural Stress, and a Mother's Perception of a Father's Participation and nurturing efficacy. Seoul (Korea): Seoul Woman's University;2012.

Quedi Parents School. Parents' consciousness survey [Internet]. Seoul (Korea): Quedi Parents School;2011. [cited 2017 Jun 1]. Available from:http://blog.naver.com/OpenMagazineViewer.nhn?blogId=saywe5&logNo=120145246961&categoryNo=0&parentCategoryNo=0&viewDate=.

Seo SW., Lee DK. The effect of father's parenting participation on a child's social development: the mediation effect of mother's parenting stress. J Korea Open Assoc Early Child Educ. 2014. 19:157–78.

Son YB., Yoon KY. The effects of fathers' role perceptions, participation in childcare gives on mothers' marital satisfaction. J Future Early Child Educ. 2011. 18:105–26.

Song HS. Relationship between father's parenting attitude, parenting participation, and basic lifestyles of infants [master's thesis]. Suwon (Korea): Ajou University;2009.

Statistics Korea. Dual-income household, [internet]. Sejong (Korea): Statistics Korea;2016. [cited 2017 Jun 1]. Available from: http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1ES4F09&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=B19_EQ1&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=E1.