J Vet Sci.  2019 Sep;20(5):e55. 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e55.

Sedative, analgesic, behavioral and clinical effects of intravenous nalbuphine-xylazine combination in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

• Khalil AH
• Abd Al-Galil AS
• Sabek AA
• Zeineldin
• Abo-Kora S

• KMID: 2464101
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e55

Abstract

This study examined the sedative, analgesic, behavioral, and clinical effects of a combination of xylazine (XY) and nalbuphine-xylazine (NA-XY) in camels. A total of five adult camels were used in a prospective randomized cross-over design with a wash out period of two weeks. Camels were allocated randomly to two treatment groups: the XY group (xylazine, 1.1mL/100 kg IV) and the NA-XY group (xylazine, 1.1mL/100 kg IV and nalbuphine, 1 mg/kg IV). The sedative, analgesic, behavioral, and clinical effects of XY and NA-XY combination were evaluated prior to administration (baseline) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes post-administration. The results showed that the NA-XY combination accelerates the onset of sedation and analgesia and prolongs the durations of both sedation (p < 0.001) and analgesia (p < 0.01). The behavioral parameters showed higher scores with a NA-XY combination than xylazine alone. Although a XY injection resulted in a significant decline in the heart and respiratory rate, the NA-XY combination group revealed a non-significant change in both clinical parameters compared to the baseline. In conclusion, the use of a NA-XY combination in camels improved the sedative and analgesic onset and duration with an improved outcome in the behavioral scores, as well as in both the heart and respiratory rates compared to XY alone.

Keyword

Analgesia; behavior; camel; nalbuphine-xylazine combination; sedation

MeSH Terms

Adult
Analgesia
Camels*
Cross-Over Studies
Heart
Humans
Nalbuphine
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Rate
Xylazine
Nalbuphine
Xylazine