J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2019 May;62(3):265-271. 10.3340/jkns.2019.0098.

Normal and Disordered Formation of the Cerebral Cortex : Normal Embryology, Related Molecules, Types of Migration, Migration Disorders

• Lee JY

• KMID: 2453231
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2019.0098

Abstract

The expansion and folding of the cerebral cortex occur during brain development and are critical factors that influence cognitive ability and sensorimotor skills. The disruption of cortical growth and folding may cause neurological disorders, resulting in severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy in humans. Therefore, understanding the mechanism that regulates cortical growth and folding will be crucial in deciphering the key steps of brain development and finding new therapeutic targets for the congenital anomalies of the cerebral cortex. This review will start with a brief introduction describing the anatomy of the brain cortex, followed by a description of our understanding of the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors and important genes and molecules that are involved in these processes. Finally, various types of disorders that develop due to malformation of the cerebral cortex will be discussed.

Keyword

Cerebral cortex; Embryology; Malformations of cortical development

MeSH Terms

Brain
Cerebral Cortex*
Drug Resistant Epilepsy
Embryology*
Humans
Intellectual Disability
Malformations of Cortical Development
Nervous System Diseases

Reference

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