Yonsei Med J.  2015 May;56(3):845-852. 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.845.

Dietary Calcium and Framingham Risk Score in Vitamin D Deficient Male (KNHANES 2009-2011)

• Choi SJ
• Yeum KJ
• Park SJ
• Choi B
• Joo NS

• KMID: 2450363
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.845

Abstract

PURPOSE
The association between excess calcium intake and cardiovascular mortality has already been reported. In the present study, we investigated the relation between dietary calcium intake and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 7809 subjects (3452 males and 4357 female) aged over 40 years were selected for this cross-sectional study from data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011). Daily dietary calcium intake was categorized into <300, 300-600, 600-900, 900-1200, and >1200 mg/day and serum 25(OH)D concentration classified into <50, 50-75, >75 mmol/L. The FRS was compared by the daily dietary calcium intake categories according to 25(OH)D concentration after adjustment with relevant variables in both genders.
RESULTS
Higher FRS was observed in males with both <300 mg and >1200 mg of dietary calcium intake and females with <300 mg of dietary calcium intake without adjustment. The significantly higher FRS remained in the <300 mg and >1200 mg of dietary calcium intake groups in both genders after adjustments for relevant variables. FRS was significantly higher in the group with >1200 mg of dietary calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L, which was the male only vitamin D deficient group.
CONCLUSION
Very low (<300 mg/day) and excess (>1200 mg/day) dietary calcium intake were related with higher FRS in both genders. In particular, higher FRS was observed in the excess (>1200 mg/day) dietary calcium intake male group under vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L).

Keyword

25-hydroxyvitamin D; calcium; coronary disease

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Calcifediol
Calcium, Dietary/*administration & dosage
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Republic of Korea
Risk
*Risk Assessment
Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood
Vitamin D Deficiency/*blood
Calcifediol
Calcium, Dietary
Vitamin D

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flow diagram of subject inclusion and exclusion in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. This figure shows the selection of study subjects in the KNHANES 2008-2011. KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  Fig. 2 Framingham Risk Score according to the dietary calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D. p-values were obtained by ANCOVA test after adjustments for age, BMI, jobs, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, moderate physical activity, serum 25(OH)D, total calories intakes and season for both genders (A: men, B: women). Menopause, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy were also adjusted for with women. BMI, body mass index; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

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