J Nutr Health.  2019 Apr;52(2):206-216. 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.2.206.

Trends in metabolic risk factors among patients with diabetes mellitus according to income levels: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1998 ~ 2014

• Cho S
• Park K

• KMID: 2444944
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.2.206

Abstract

PURPOSE
Management of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients is essential for preventing or delaying diabetic complications. This study compared the levels of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients according to the income levels, and examined the secular trends in recent decades.
METHODS
The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998 ~ 2014 were used. The diabetes patients were divided into three groups based on their household income levels. General information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, and the blood biomarkers and blood pressure data were obtained from a health examination. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare the metabolic biomarker levels according to the household income levels, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
RESULTS
The fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and blood lipid (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride) levels were similar in the three groups. During the survey period of 16 years, the blood pressure showed a significant decreasing trend with time in all groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.007) decreased significantly, and the HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.001) increased significantly in the highest-income groups. In the lowest-income group, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.02), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and triglyceride (p = 0.003) levels showed a significant decreasing trend over time. On the other hand, the middle-income group showed no significant change in any of the metabolic risk factors except for blood pressure.
CONCLUSION
The level of management of metabolic risk factors according to the income level of Korean diabetes patients was similar. On the other hand, the highest- and lowest-income groups showed positive trends of management of these factors during 16 years of observation, whereas the middle-income group did not show any improvement.

Keyword

diabetes; patients; income; metabolic risk factors; Korean

MeSH Terms

Biomarkers
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
Diabetes Complications
Diabetes Mellitus*
Family Characteristics
Fasting
Hand
Humans
Korea*
Linear Models
Lipoproteins
Nutrition Surveys
Risk Factors*
Triglycerides
Biomarkers
Blood Glucose
Cholesterol
Lipoproteins

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