Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2019 Apr;26(1):60-65. 10.14776/piv.2019.26.e7.

Brachial Artery Thrombosis in an 8-year-old Boy with Antiphospholipid Antibodies Induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: a Case Report

• Woo JH
• Kwon JH
• Je BK
• Shin JS
• Seo WH
• Jang GY

• KMID: 2443166
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2019.26.e7

Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibodies may be produced in cases involving autoimmune diseases and can sometimes be caused by infections, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, antiphospholipid antibodies causing thrombosis associated with M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children have rarely been reported. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy with M. pneumoniae pneumonia with antiphospholipid antibodies, complicated by brachial artery thrombosis. He was found to have antiphospholipid antibodies and low protein S levels. The brachial artery thrombus was removed via thrombectomy. The titers of antiphospholipid antibodies turned normal within 5 months. This is a rare case of M. pneumoniae infection with brachial artery thrombosis associated with transient antiphospholipid antibodies.

Keyword

Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Antiphospholipid antibodies; Thrombus

MeSH Terms

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid*
Autoimmune Diseases
Brachial Artery*
Child*
Humans
Male*
Mycoplasma pneumoniae*
Mycoplasma*
Pneumonia
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*
Protein S
Thrombectomy
Thrombosis*
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
Protein S

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 (A) Initial CXR shows right upper lobar and lingular pneumonia, and bilateral lower lobe pneumonic infiltration. (B) Follow-up CXR on day 5 shows pneumomediastinum (white arrow), pneumopericardium (black arrow), and subcutaneous emphysema in the neck (white arrowhead) and the left chest wall (black arrowhead). Bilateral lower lobe bronchopneumonia is observed to have worsened. Abbreviations: CXR, chest X-ray.

• 

  Fig. 2 (A) Angiography demonstrates acute thrombus formation in the left brachial artery. (B) The thrombus removed from the left brachial artery after thrombectomy.

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