Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  2019 Feb;12(1):40-49. 10.21053/ceo.2018.00185.

In Vivo Vibration Measurement of Middle Ear Structure Using Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography: Preliminary Study

• Jeon D
• Cho NH
• Park K
• Kim K
• Jeon M
• Jang JH
• Kim J

• KMID: 2437490
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2018.00185

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) is useful for both, the spatially resolved measurement of the tympanic membrane (TM) oscillation and high-resolution imaging. We demonstrated a new technique capable of providing real-time two-dimensional Doppler OCT image of rapidly oscillatory latex mini-drum and in vivo rat TM and ossicles.
METHODS
Using DOCT system, the oscillation of sample was measured at frequency range of 1-4 kHz at an output of 15 W. After the sensitivity of the DOCT system was verified using a latex mini-drum consisting of a 100 μm-thick latex membrane, changes in displacement of the umbo and contacted area between TM and malleus in normal and pathologic conditions.
RESULTS
The oscillation cycles of the mini-drum for stimulus frequencies were 1.006 kHz for 1 kHz, 2.012 kHz for 2kHz, and 3.912 kHz for 4 kHz, which means that the oscillation cycle of the mini-drum become short in proportional to the frequency of stimuli. The oscillation cycles of umbo area and the junction area in normal TM for frequencies of the stimuli showed similar integer ratio with the data of latex mini-drum for stimuli less than 4 kHz. In the case of middle ear effusion condition, the Doppler signal showed a tendency of attenuation in all frequencies, which was prominent at 1 kHz and 2 kHz.
CONCLUSION
The TM vibration under sound stimulation with frequencies from 1 kHz to 4 kHz in normal and pathologic conditions was demonstrated using signal demodulation method in in vivo condition. The OCT technology could be helpful for functional and structural assessment as an optional modality.

Keyword

Optical Coherence Tomography; Doppler; Middle Ear; Tympanic Membrane

MeSH Terms

Animals
Ear, Middle*
Latex
Malleus
Membranes
Methods
Otitis Media with Effusion
Rats
Tomography, Optical Coherence*
Tympanic Membrane
Vibration*
Latex

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the Doppler optical coherence tomography system. BS, broadband source; C, collimator; DG, diffraction grating; FL, focusing lens; LSC, line scan camera; FC, fiber coupler; M, mirror; GS, galvanometer scanner; S, speaker; SAC, sound-absorbing chamber.

• 

  Fig. 2. Correspond DOCT two-dimensional images and extracted phase signals of stimulated 1-kHz, 2-kHz, and 4-kHz pure tone stimuli in latex drum (A-C) and umbo of tympanic membrane (TM) (D-F). Solid rectangular box: extracted phase; white box with arrow: region of interest for signal demodulation. OCT, optical coherence tomography; DOCT, Doppler optical coherence tomography; TM, tympanic membrane; M, malleus.

• 

  Fig. 3. Two-dimensional images and phase signals of pure tone 1-kHz, 2-kHz, and 4-kHz sine wave stimuli at 15 W: contact area between tympanic membrane and ossicles in normal tympanic membrane (TM) (A-C) and simulated effusion condition (D-F). Solid rectangular box: extracted phase; white box with arrow: region of interest for signal demodulation. TM, tympanic membrane; M, malleus; EF, effusion.

• 

  Fig. 4. Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the detected phase shift (area in the white boxes in Fig. 2) on (A) the latex drum and (B) the umbo stimulated by1-kHz, 2-kHz, and 4-kHz pure tone stimuli.

• 

  Fig. 5. Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the detected phase shift (area in the white boxes in Fig. 3) on the contact area between tympanic membrane (TM) and malleus in (A) normal TM and (B) simulated effusion condition stimulated by 1-kHz, 2-kHz, and 4-kHz pure tone stimuli.

• 

  Fig. 6. Comparison in latex mini drum, umbo and ossicles by 1, 2, and 4 kHz frequency for each rats. TM, tympanic membrane.

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