J Korean Child Neurol Soc.  2018 Jun;26(2):119-122. 10.26815/jkcns.2018.26.2.119.

A Child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related Encephalitis Presenting as Hyperactive Behavior Change

• Kim HB
• Kong SM
• Park JS
• You SJ

• KMID: 2435248
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.26815/jkcns.2018.26.2.119

Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen responsible for various upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. This also induces extra-pulmonary manifestations, with encephalitis being the most frequent and critical manifestation in pediatric populations. This report describes an 8-year-old boy who presented with repetitive motions in both hands, agitation, muttering and increased appetite after seizure. He had started treatment with antibiotics for M. pneumoniae infection 14 days prior to this event. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed slow and disorganized background rhythms and polymorphic slowing on both frontal areas, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. He was diagnosed with M. pneumoniae-related encephalitis and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (500 mg/kg/day for 4 days). After 3 days, his impulsive behaviors disappeared and, after 4 days, his EEG became normal. Abrupt hyperactive behavior in children may be a sign of M. pneumoniae-related encephalitis.

Keyword

Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Encephalitis; Hyperactive behavior; Autoimmune

MeSH Terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Appetite
Brain
Child*
Dihydroergotamine
Electroencephalography
Encephalitis*
Hand
Humans
Immunoglobulins
Impulsive Behavior
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma*
Pneumonia
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Seizures
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Dihydroergotamine
Immunoglobulins